ACBC Theology Exam 12 - The Dual Natures of Christ

00:00:00.000 | I hope that you're doing well in the Lord

00:00:03.120 | and that you're enjoying the blessings of Christ.

00:00:06.280 | It's just been a joy to walk through these topics with you.

00:00:09.960 | And I trust that you've been stretched

00:00:13.780 | and also challenged in your own studies of God's word.

00:00:17.560 | And we just look forward to seeing the fruit

00:00:21.080 | of your study in the word of God.

00:00:24.080 | And I'm just privileged to be a part of your lives

00:00:28.040 | and your training in biblical counseling.

00:00:30.760 | So tonight we have a wonderful topic.

00:00:32.540 | We're looking at theology exam number 12.

00:00:35.020 | We're looking at the dual natures of Jesus Christ.

00:00:37.960 | Just a incredible topic that I trust will be,

00:00:42.400 | first of all, just a blessing to our own souls,

00:00:45.280 | just to be reminded of Christ and who he is,

00:00:48.480 | his saving work and all that he has done for us.

00:00:52.200 | It's always good to take our eyes off ourselves

00:00:54.960 | and to set them on Christ.

00:00:56.420 | And we hope to do that in this hour.

00:00:59.680 | And I do hope that this will be a training time

00:01:04.000 | for us to think through the implications

00:01:07.560 | of this doctrine for biblical counseling

00:01:09.800 | and how we offer our counselees something

00:01:13.760 | that the secular world could never offer,

00:01:15.720 | which is the saving message of Jesus Christ.

00:01:19.320 | I think it was Heath Lambert who said

00:01:21.640 | at one of the ACBC national conferences

00:01:24.480 | that ACBC is distinguished in its counseling methodology

00:01:29.480 | in that we not only allow our counselors

00:01:31.940 | to talk about Christ and him crucified

00:01:35.540 | in the counseling sessions,

00:01:37.740 | we require our counselors to talk about Jesus Christ

00:01:41.100 | and him crucified.

00:01:42.940 | And I don't think it could be said any better than that.

00:01:45.700 | We are distinguished as a counseling movement

00:01:49.140 | by our focus on Christ,

00:01:51.740 | our desire that the message of Jesus Christ

00:01:55.160 | would be magnified and communicated

00:01:57.900 | to each of our counselees.

00:01:59.880 | We are distinguished by our reliance upon Christ

00:02:04.640 | and all that he has done for us.

00:02:06.780 | We offer our counselees the hope of Christ

00:02:10.720 | and that distinguishes biblical counseling

00:02:13.640 | from every secular methodology

00:02:16.320 | that's being practiced in the world.

00:02:17.800 | So I think we're in for a wonderful time of study tonight.

00:02:21.000 | And thank you again for joining us.

00:02:22.580 | Thank you for your faithfulness in God's word.

00:02:25.780 | I wanna begin with just a devotional thought

00:02:29.580 | from John chapter one, verses one to 14.

00:02:33.300 | And I can't, it doesn't get any better than this.

00:02:36.180 | This is one of the most familiar

00:02:38.580 | and wonderful sections of scripture

00:02:40.860 | that just speaks of the incarnation,

00:02:44.360 | the glory of Christ and his coming to earth

00:02:50.460 | as a man, the addition of the nature of humanity

00:02:54.900 | to his deity.

00:02:56.540 | And we'll just read this passage together

00:02:59.180 | just to set our minds on the topic

00:03:01.900 | that we're looking at tonight.

00:03:04.060 | John chapter one, starting in verse one,

00:03:07.380 | says in the beginning was the word

00:03:08.940 | and the word was with God and the word was God.

00:03:12.740 | He was in the beginning with God.

00:03:15.500 | All things were made through him

00:03:17.220 | and without him was not anything made that was made.

00:03:21.200 | In him was life and the life was the light of men.

00:03:24.840 | The light shines in the darkness

00:03:27.620 | and the darkness has not overcome it.

00:03:31.180 | There was a man sent from God whose name was John.

00:03:34.740 | He came as a witness to bear witness about the light

00:03:37.520 | that all might believe through him.

00:03:40.140 | He was not the light,

00:03:41.360 | but came to bear witness about the light.

00:03:44.300 | The true light, which gives light to everyone

00:03:47.020 | was coming into the world.

00:03:49.660 | He was in the world and the world was made through him,

00:03:53.260 | yet the world did not know him.

00:03:56.300 | And then in verse 11, it says,

00:03:59.020 | he came to his own and his own people did not receive him.

00:04:03.660 | But to all who did receive him, who believed in his name,

00:04:06.420 | he gave the right to become children of God

00:04:09.500 | who were born not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh,

00:04:12.980 | nor of the will of man, but of God.

00:04:16.420 | And the word became flesh and dwelt among us.

00:04:21.020 | And we have seen his glory,

00:04:22.900 | glory as of the only son from the father

00:04:25.500 | full of grace and truth.

00:04:29.180 | It's what an amazing statement that is,

00:04:31.260 | that the word became flesh and dwelt among us.

00:04:36.260 | That's a glorious topic that we're gonna look at tonight.

00:04:40.860 | And that is the subject of theology exam number 12.

00:04:45.860 | And just some thoughts to prime

00:04:48.460 | the pump for our study tonight.

00:04:52.420 | This amazing truth of the incarnation

00:04:56.380 | that the word became flesh and dwelt among us

00:05:00.020 | has been called the greatest miracle

00:05:02.920 | in the history of the universe.

00:05:04.380 | And I can't think of a message or a miracle

00:05:08.300 | that would be greater than this,

00:05:11.140 | that the person of Christ, the eternal son of God

00:05:15.300 | would take on an additional nature,

00:05:18.540 | the nature of humanity.

00:05:21.740 | This has to be greater than the parting of the Red Sea.

00:05:25.820 | It has to be greater than Elijah

00:05:27.980 | calling down fire from heaven.

00:05:30.780 | This has to be greater than the apostolic healings

00:05:33.760 | performed in the early church.

00:05:36.420 | The fact that true sinless humanity

00:05:39.860 | was joined with undiminished eternal deity

00:05:44.940 | in one person forever

00:05:48.860 | has to be by far the greatest miracle

00:05:52.300 | in the history of mankind and the history of the universe.

00:05:57.020 | And I hope that gives you some motivation

00:05:58.900 | to write essay number 12.

00:06:01.500 | You're writing about the greatest miracle ever

00:06:05.180 | in the history of the universe.

00:06:08.020 | This is the assessment of Wayne Grudem

00:06:10.860 | in his systematic theology.

00:06:12.540 | He says that the fact that the infinite, omnipotent,

00:06:16.420 | eternal son of God could become man

00:06:19.480 | and join himself to a human nature forever

00:06:22.540 | so that infinite God became one person

00:06:27.260 | with finite man will remain for eternity

00:06:31.340 | the most profound miracle

00:06:33.500 | and the most profound mystery in all the universe.

00:06:38.220 | Just think about what Wayne Grudem is saying there

00:06:42.580 | as he reflects upon the glory of the incarnation.

00:06:47.060 | He says that this mystery of perfect humanity

00:06:52.060 | joined with eternal deity in one person

00:06:59.500 | will remain for eternity

00:07:01.820 | the most profound miracle and mystery in all the universe.

00:07:07.220 | I believe that 10,000 years from now

00:07:11.140 | when we are in heaven worshiping the lamb, the son of God,

00:07:16.140 | we will still be in awe and in wonder

00:07:20.380 | at the fact that we are worshiping the man Christ Jesus

00:07:26.340 | as he is called in 1 Timothy 2, verse five,

00:07:28.780 | the man Christ Jesus.

00:07:31.420 | It's not that Jesus came down to earth

00:07:34.180 | and took on a human nature.

00:07:36.420 | And then when he ascended to heaven,

00:07:38.460 | he sort of shed that human nature.

00:07:40.940 | He was exalted to heaven and ascended to heaven

00:07:46.220 | in glorified humanity

00:07:48.780 | so that 1 Timothy 2, verse five calls him,

00:07:51.580 | even today he is the man Christ Jesus,

00:07:55.320 | perfect humanity and perfect deity in one person.

00:07:59.500 | And Grudem says, we're never gonna get over that.

00:08:01.860 | I mean, we're gonna be in awe and in wonder

00:08:05.620 | thousands of years from now

00:08:07.100 | at the fact that we worship the man Christ Jesus.

00:08:12.100 | And so this is gonna be the theme of our worship

00:08:15.840 | and the theme of our praise.

00:08:18.100 | J.I. Packer has said it this way,

00:08:20.100 | that the mystery and the incarnation is unfathomable.

00:08:24.160 | We cannot explain it, we can only formulate it.

00:08:27.780 | The supreme mystery with which the gospel confronts us

00:08:31.120 | is that he took humanity without loss of deity

00:08:36.060 | so that Jesus of Nazareth

00:08:38.380 | was as truly and fully divine as he was human.

00:08:42.580 | I'm so many counseling implications in that statement,

00:08:46.560 | but I'm gonna restrain myself for a moment here.

00:08:49.520 | Packer continues, here are two mysteries

00:08:52.320 | for the price of one,

00:08:53.740 | the plurality of persons within the unity of God

00:08:57.100 | and the union of Godhead and manhood in the person of Jesus.

00:09:02.100 | It is here in the thing that happened at the first Christmas

00:09:05.780 | that the profoundest and most unfathomable

00:09:09.320 | depths of the Christian revelation lie.

00:09:13.160 | And the good news that we have for our counselees

00:09:17.600 | and for ourselves is you don't have to wait till Christmas

00:09:19.720 | to celebrate this truth.

00:09:21.200 | You can celebrate this truth each and every day of your life

00:09:26.300 | that Jesus Christ is the perfect God-man,

00:09:31.200 | perfect deity and sinless humanity.

00:09:35.620 | I just wanna encourage us pastorally for a moment,

00:09:41.200 | just give some practical applications

00:09:43.000 | before we look at the handout proper.

00:09:46.960 | And I was just reflecting on this this week

00:09:50.280 | that we live in a world of distractions

00:09:54.680 | and I hope you agree with that assessment

00:09:58.320 | that we live in a world that pulls our attention

00:10:02.540 | in so many different areas.

00:10:04.880 | If we are not intentional about what we're gonna focus

00:10:08.560 | our minds and our hearts and our affections on,

00:10:12.000 | our thoughts and our focus will be pulled

00:10:16.640 | in a hundred different directions.

00:10:18.680 | And that's just in the first 15 minutes of the day.

00:10:22.760 | This is a world of distractions

00:10:27.000 | and I just wanna encourage us

00:10:29.480 | that we need to make a conscious decision each and every day

00:10:34.480 | to focus the majority of our thoughts and our energies

00:10:40.800 | and our affections on the truths

00:10:44.480 | which are most important in this life.

00:10:50.920 | And you may have heard the categories

00:10:54.240 | that there are primary doctrines in the Bible

00:10:57.460 | that they distinguish a believer from an unbeliever.

00:11:01.080 | And then there are secondary doctrines

00:11:04.160 | that good and golly Christians disagree on,

00:11:07.800 | doesn't make you a Christian if you disagree

00:11:10.760 | or agree or disagree with a certain doctrine

00:11:14.120 | doesn't make you a non-Christian

00:11:16.320 | if you disagree with a secondary doctrine.

00:11:20.340 | But this teaching that we're looking at tonight,

00:11:23.040 | the dual natures of Christ,

00:11:24.480 | this is not a secondary doctrine.

00:11:27.000 | This is a primary doctrine.

00:11:29.560 | This distinguishes a believer from an unbeliever.

00:11:33.840 | And if you believe that Jesus Christ

00:11:36.360 | is fully God and fully man.

00:11:39.020 | And so it demands our full attention,

00:11:44.860 | it demands our greatest concentration of thoughts,

00:11:50.540 | and emotion.

00:11:53.460 | I mean, if you're more engrossed in the cat videos

00:11:58.460 | that your kids are showing you on YouTube

00:12:02.420 | than you are with the doctrine of the incarnation,

00:12:06.540 | then there needs to be a realignment

00:12:08.620 | of your focus and your priorities.

00:12:11.740 | And I just say that 'cause my kids show me cat videos

00:12:15.220 | on their YouTube and you can get distracted

00:12:18.180 | with kind of the trivialities of life

00:12:20.920 | or you can choose to focus your thoughts

00:12:23.760 | and your attention on the greatest realities

00:12:26.600 | in all the universe.

00:12:27.480 | And this has to be one of the greatest realities

00:12:30.840 | in all of the universe,

00:12:33.120 | that we worship the God, man, Jesus Christ.

00:12:35.920 | And I hope you will find that the writing of this essay

00:12:40.240 | will be a great blessing to your soul

00:12:44.520 | and also equip you for counseling ministry.

00:12:47.560 | I hope to get to spend some time in the end

00:12:49.560 | to talk about some counseling implications

00:12:52.020 | of this doctrine.

00:12:53.460 | But I do wanna encourage you that this is a wonderful study.

00:12:57.320 | So let me pray for us briefly

00:12:58.760 | and let's get into our handout for tonight

00:13:01.140 | and I hope we'll be blessed.

00:13:02.060 | Father, thank you for this time around your word.

00:13:04.940 | Thank you that we can come and just focus our thoughts

00:13:08.800 | and our minds upon the glorious truth of your son,

00:13:12.580 | who he is, the greatest realities in all of the universe,

00:13:17.580 | that the word became flesh and dwelt among us,

00:13:21.380 | that Jesus Christ is our perfect savior and substitute.

00:13:25.980 | We thank you that because of Christ,

00:13:28.520 | that we have hope to offer to our counselees.

00:13:32.060 | We have hope to offer to our communities.

00:13:35.580 | We thank you that we have hope to offer

00:13:37.820 | to those who are weighed down by sin,

00:13:40.580 | to those who are struggling with the trials of life.

00:13:44.060 | We thank you that because of Christ,

00:13:46.900 | that Lord, we can enter into the counseling ministry

00:13:50.540 | and trust that you will use us by your grace

00:13:53.780 | to make us effective and that the glory

00:13:56.220 | will not belong to any of us,

00:13:58.100 | but will belong to Christ forever and ever.

00:14:01.100 | And so we just pray that you would help us

00:14:03.300 | to think through this topic carefully,

00:14:05.780 | biblically and clearly, give us your grace.

00:14:08.940 | And I thank you for my friends and my brothers and sisters

00:14:11.980 | here and their faithful study.

00:14:13.460 | And I pray this in Jesus name, amen.

00:14:15.700 | Okay, let's dive into our theology exam number 12.

00:14:21.580 | And I put on your handout on the first page,

00:14:24.180 | a number of good resources that I think

00:14:26.220 | will help you in your study.

00:14:27.680 | The question is, describe the dual natures of Jesus Christ

00:14:31.700 | and explain why this reality is crucial for salvation.

00:14:37.260 | And we'll walk through an approach to writing this essay,

00:14:41.500 | but just note there that the standard systematic theology,

00:14:45.300 | such as Paul N's Moody Handbook of Theology,

00:14:49.140 | Wayne Grudem, Heath Lambert and Charles Ryrie

00:14:51.860 | all have excellent sections in their works

00:14:55.540 | dealing with the doctrine of the incarnation,

00:14:59.060 | the doctrine of the hypostatic union,

00:15:01.580 | which we'll talk about tonight.

00:15:04.000 | And Heath Lambert does have a good section

00:15:06.500 | in his Theology of Biblical Counseling,

00:15:09.180 | dealing with the counseling implications of this doctrine.

00:15:13.260 | And so all of those resources

00:15:14.820 | are worth your careful attention.

00:15:18.020 | Wayne Grudem in particular does an excellent job

00:15:20.700 | walking through the hypostatic union

00:15:24.060 | and the inadequate understandings of the hypostatic union

00:15:28.500 | and how that doctrine was carefully formulated

00:15:31.940 | in church history.

00:15:33.220 | And we'll do a brief summary of that tonight,

00:15:36.080 | but I wanna commend his section

00:15:38.500 | in systematic theology to you,

00:15:40.700 | that that is a section that is worth reading and cherishing

00:15:45.700 | and committing to your own understanding

00:15:49.660 | for your own blessing.

00:15:51.780 | If you move to page two of your handout,

00:15:56.280 | we have a section just introducing

00:16:00.540 | the dual natures of Jesus Christ.

00:16:04.980 | And the key point here is that Jesus Christ

00:16:09.380 | was fully human and fully divine in one person.

00:16:14.380 | So that's what we're talking about

00:16:16.360 | when we're articulating understanding

00:16:19.460 | of the dual natures of Christ,

00:16:21.740 | you want to articulate an understanding

00:16:23.980 | of the full humanity of Jesus Christ,

00:16:28.180 | that Jesus Christ was fully human

00:16:31.960 | in every sense of the word.

00:16:34.140 | He was sinless humanity.

00:16:36.620 | It was not merely Christ physicality that made him human.

00:16:41.180 | So you may have heard the saying, God in a bod,

00:16:46.340 | the idea of Jesus was only human

00:16:51.020 | in so far as he had a physical body.

00:16:54.100 | And it was sort of like there was this divine mind

00:16:58.220 | and a divine soul placed in a human body.

00:17:01.780 | And that is what John 1, verse 14 meant

00:17:06.300 | when it said that the word became flesh.

00:17:08.340 | Well, that would be an inadequate understanding

00:17:12.860 | of what happened in the incarnation.

00:17:14.760 | It's just, it's not merely that Christ had a physical body,

00:17:18.260 | he was fully human yet without sin.

00:17:22.320 | And so the first nature of Christ

00:17:25.360 | is that he was fully human.

00:17:30.140 | He had a fully human nature,

00:17:33.260 | and that was joined to the second nature,

00:17:35.420 | which is the nature of full divinity.

00:17:39.900 | And so any articulation of doctrine on this subject

00:17:44.860 | will convey an understanding of the full humanity of Christ,

00:17:49.360 | the full deity of Christ in one person.

00:17:53.460 | That's the key element there.

00:17:55.460 | It's not that there was a human person and a divine person,

00:17:59.480 | and they sort of coexisted in one body

00:18:01.620 | and wrestled with each other.

00:18:03.740 | That's not an accurate understanding

00:18:06.780 | of what happened at the incarnation.

00:18:10.460 | Jesus Christ was and is one person,

00:18:14.660 | both fully human and fully divine,

00:18:18.540 | so that what could be said of one of the natures of Christ

00:18:23.540 | could be said of the person of Christ.

00:18:29.540 | He is not a divided person.

00:18:31.620 | He is one person with two natures.

00:18:35.460 | And so you have the key point there

00:18:37.140 | that the divine nature did not diminish his human nature.

00:18:40.880 | His human nature did not diminish his divine nature.

00:18:45.880 | And the union of Christ deity and humanity in one person

00:18:49.500 | is the greatest miracle in the history of the universe.

00:18:55.860 | So let me jump from your handout to the screen here.

00:18:59.440 | And I just wanna give you a practical approach

00:19:01.740 | to writing this essay.

00:19:03.060 | I would say there's four basic elements

00:19:05.540 | that you would need to articulate

00:19:07.820 | if you are gonna be faithful to the truths

00:19:12.460 | that this essay is asking you to write about.

00:19:15.860 | The first element would be the humanity of Christ,

00:19:19.940 | just articulating a full understanding

00:19:23.260 | of the sinless humanity of Christ,

00:19:25.500 | and we'll walk through some material

00:19:27.980 | in the next few minutes,

00:19:29.540 | dealing with the human mind of Christ,

00:19:32.660 | the human soul of Christ, the human emotions of Christ.

00:19:36.820 | It was more than mere physicality,

00:19:39.900 | although that was essential part of Christ's humanity.

00:19:44.620 | It was more than that.

00:19:45.660 | He had a physical body.

00:19:46.940 | He had a full human nature.

00:19:51.380 | A second element is to articulate a full understanding

00:19:54.500 | of the deity of Christ.

00:19:56.820 | Jesus is God.

00:19:59.140 | He is the second person of the Trinity.

00:20:01.460 | He is co-equal with the Father,

00:20:03.900 | co-equal with the Holy Spirit.

00:20:06.940 | All of the attributes of deity belong to Christ eternally.

00:20:11.940 | And so you will want to articulate a full understanding

00:20:15.700 | of the deity of Christ.

00:20:18.660 | The third element would be the union of the two natures,

00:20:23.940 | or what theologians call the hypostatic union.

00:20:27.980 | You will want to articulate some understanding

00:20:30.660 | of how the humanity of Christ and the deity of Christ

00:20:34.900 | were joined together in one person.

00:20:38.460 | And that is, as I mentioned,

00:20:40.820 | what theologians refer to as the hypostatic union.

00:20:44.660 | This is a truth that we'll look at in a little more detail

00:20:50.260 | at the end of today's session,

00:20:52.740 | but that would be a third element you will want to include

00:20:55.780 | in your writing of this essay.

00:20:58.820 | And then the fourth element

00:20:59.940 | is what the question is asking for.

00:21:02.460 | Why is this reality crucial for salvation?

00:21:07.060 | Why was it necessary for Jesus Christ

00:21:10.620 | to be both fully human and fully God

00:21:15.620 | in order for salvation to be brought to the world?

00:21:20.380 | In other words, if Jesus Christ were to be fully human,

00:21:25.380 | but not fully God,

00:21:28.020 | would he have been able to pay for our sins at the cross?

00:21:31.340 | That's kind of the reasoning behind this fourth element.

00:21:37.260 | If Jesus Christ had been fully God, but not fully man,

00:21:42.100 | would he have been able to pay for our sins at the cross?

00:21:47.180 | Would he be our perfect substitute if he was not fully human?

00:21:51.340 | And so the fourth element here

00:21:53.860 | is you want to articulate some understanding

00:21:55.540 | of it was necessary for Jesus Christ

00:22:00.300 | to be both fully human and fully God

00:22:04.220 | in order for him to be the perfect substitute for sin.

00:22:09.180 | Only a man can stand in the place of a man.

00:22:12.660 | And also he had to be God

00:22:15.340 | because only a sacrifice of infinite value

00:22:18.900 | could fully satisfy the holy wrath of God against our sin.

00:22:23.900 | It had to be that the sacrifice was more than human.

00:22:30.300 | Had to be a human sacrifice

00:22:32.860 | 'cause a substitute had to be a man

00:22:35.740 | standing in place of a man,

00:22:39.060 | but it also had to be a sacrifice of infinite value

00:22:42.460 | so that the wrath of God could be fully satisfied.

00:22:46.100 | And you want to articulate some understanding

00:22:48.340 | of how the dual natures of Christ

00:22:51.060 | relate to the work of Christ on the cross for our sins

00:22:56.060 | and why that reality is crucial for salvation.

00:23:01.100 | Okay, so I know that's a lot.

00:23:02.220 | That's four basic elements,

00:23:03.740 | and we'll walk through those in the next half hour or so

00:23:07.300 | as we go through the handout.

00:23:09.020 | But I just wanted to give you some markers here

00:23:12.100 | so that when you sit down and write your essay,

00:23:14.620 | you're gonna ask yourself this question is,

00:23:16.820 | how do I articulate an understanding of Christ's humanity?

00:23:21.060 | How do I articulate an understanding of his deity?

00:23:24.780 | How do I articulate an understanding

00:23:26.940 | of the union of the two natures?

00:23:29.700 | And then why is this reality crucial for salvation?

00:23:34.700 | That would be a basic approach to writing this essay

00:23:37.620 | is make sure you hit on those four basic elements.

00:23:42.620 | So let's walk through those elements together.

00:23:48.460 | This is sort of near the middle of your handout on page two.

00:23:54.100 | Paul Enns has this very clear articulation

00:23:59.580 | of the definition of the word incarnation.

00:24:03.900 | He says the word incarnation means in flesh

00:24:07.860 | and denotes the act whereby the eternal son of God

00:24:12.460 | took to himself an additional nature humanity

00:24:15.900 | through the version birth.

00:24:17.620 | The result is that Christ remains forever unblemished deity

00:24:22.740 | which he has had from eternity past,

00:24:25.420 | but he also possesses true sinless humanity

00:24:29.300 | in one person forever.

00:24:31.700 | That's a very clear statement of what the incarnation means.

00:24:36.700 | It means that the eternal son of God

00:24:41.300 | took to himself an additional nature humanity.

00:24:45.420 | It's not that Jesus lost his divinity

00:24:49.500 | when he was born to the Virgin Mary.

00:24:53.060 | It's that he retained his deity

00:24:56.020 | which he possessed from eternity past.

00:24:59.600 | And he took to himself an additional nature humanity.

00:25:03.320 | The incarnation is not the subtraction of deity,

00:25:07.820 | it's the addition of humanity.

00:25:11.500 | So that's a very good definition for the incarnation.

00:25:16.500 | The Athanasian Creed is a statement

00:25:23.940 | which communicates an understanding

00:25:27.200 | of this glorious reality.

00:25:29.340 | It says, "Our Lord Jesus Christ, the son of God,

00:25:31.740 | "is God and man, perfect God and perfect man,

00:25:36.740 | "who although he be God and man,

00:25:39.480 | "yet he is not two, but one Christ,

00:25:44.120 | "one not by conversion of the Godhead into flesh,

00:25:48.000 | "but by taking of the manhood into God."

00:25:53.000 | And there's an amazing mystery in that statement

00:25:58.700 | and yet I think we understand what J.I. Packer meant

00:26:01.780 | when he said, "We cannot fully understand this truth,

00:26:05.780 | "but we can articulate it clearly and accurately."

00:26:10.500 | It was the taking of manhood into God.

00:26:13.840 | It was the addition of humanity to the nature of deity.

00:26:18.840 | The incarnation then concerns not the subtraction of deity,

00:26:23.340 | but the addition of a full nature of humanity

00:26:27.300 | to the person of Christ.

00:26:31.500 | And as Wayne J.I. Packer has said,

00:26:35.920 | "Christ was not now God minus some elements of his deity,

00:26:40.860 | "but God plus all that he had made his own

00:26:43.620 | "by taking manhood to himself."

00:26:47.580 | And as a church father, Gregory said,

00:26:50.620 | "Remaining what he was, he became what he was not."

00:26:56.460 | And so Christ is the perfect man

00:27:01.460 | and worthy of all of our worship.

00:27:06.620 | And he is at the same time a full deity.

00:27:11.380 | He is fully God and he never ceased

00:27:15.900 | to be God in his incarnation.

00:27:19.040 | Some other quotes here.

00:27:20.900 | I don't think this is on your handout,

00:27:22.340 | but I thought these were helpful quotes

00:27:25.060 | to help us understand the incarnation.

00:27:29.180 | Matt Perman has said this,

00:27:30.980 | "It should be obvious that if Jesus is God,

00:27:33.120 | "then he has always been God.

00:27:34.880 | "There was never a time when he became God,

00:27:38.160 | "for God is eternal.

00:27:40.100 | "But Jesus has not always been man.

00:27:43.260 | "The fantastic miracle is that this eternal God

00:27:46.660 | "became man at the incarnation

00:27:48.740 | "approximately 2000 years ago.

00:27:51.540 | "That's what the incarnation was,

00:27:53.580 | "God the Son becoming man."

00:27:57.240 | And as Grudem has well summarized,

00:28:00.900 | "We may summarize the biblical teaching

00:28:02.800 | "about the person of Christ as follows.

00:28:05.000 | "Jesus Christ was fully God and fully man in one person

00:28:10.000 | "and will be so forever."

00:28:13.760 | So if you move to the page number three of your handout,

00:28:20.620 | this is the element of the humanity of Christ.

00:28:24.980 | And I just have a listing here of the number of truths

00:28:29.980 | from the scripture which testify

00:28:33.420 | to the full humanity of Christ.

00:28:37.420 | Remember, it is not merely Christ's physicality

00:28:40.540 | which made him human.

00:28:42.140 | He had a human mind, a human body, a human soul.

00:28:48.220 | We see letter A, he had a real physical birth.

00:28:52.260 | Luke two, verse seven says,

00:28:53.580 | "She gave birth to her firstborn son

00:28:55.460 | "and wrapped him in swaddling cloths

00:28:56.880 | "and laid him in a manger

00:28:58.660 | "because there was no place for them in the inn."

00:29:03.340 | Just think about that for a moment,

00:29:07.560 | that the one who rules over the universe in power

00:29:12.560 | was completely dependent upon Mary and Joseph

00:29:17.240 | in Bethlehem in his humanity.

00:29:20.920 | Just the tremendous paradox there

00:29:22.840 | that Christ was sustaining the universe

00:29:26.000 | by the word of his power

00:29:27.280 | and at the same time he was a helpless babe in his humanity.

00:29:32.280 | That is the essential core of the gospel message,

00:29:40.000 | the two natures of Christ in one person.

00:29:44.160 | We say that he had a true physical body.

00:29:47.880 | This body grew weary.

00:29:50.920 | This body became hungry.

00:29:54.480 | Jesus died a true physical death at the cross.

00:29:58.940 | You will remember the story of Jesus

00:30:01.960 | with the disciples in the storm on the boat

00:30:04.760 | and Jesus is found fast asleep on the stern of the boat.

00:30:09.640 | He was so exhausted by the ministry events

00:30:14.640 | of his public ministry that just physically he was exhausted.

00:30:19.740 | It was a true physical body.

00:30:22.100 | And you see that in Matthew chapter four

00:30:25.740 | that Jesus fasted 40 days and 40 nights.

00:30:28.920 | He became hungry and the tempter came and said to him,

00:30:32.520 | "If you are the son of God,

00:30:34.520 | "command these stones to become loaves of bread."

00:30:39.520 | I just want you to note that that was a real temptation

00:30:43.760 | because of Christ's physical body,

00:30:46.680 | he was extremely hungry after fasting 40 days and 40 nights.

00:30:51.680 | And so this temptation to act outside

00:30:57.360 | of the will of his father and to command the stones

00:31:01.320 | to become loaves of bread was a very real temptation

00:31:05.600 | for the God man, Jesus Christ.

00:31:09.480 | My theology professor, Dr. Larry Pettigrew

00:31:11.880 | explained it this way.

00:31:13.720 | If you have a wooden rod that is welded inseparably

00:31:18.600 | to a strong piece of iron, you can take that wooden rod

00:31:22.960 | and strike it against a hard object.

00:31:26.040 | Because it is welded to a very strong piece of iron,

00:31:31.960 | the wooden rod will not break.

00:31:36.040 | However, because it is a wooden rod

00:31:39.520 | and it's being struck very forcefully,

00:31:42.560 | that rod will feel the full force

00:31:46.020 | of the blows that are being made.

00:31:50.000 | And that is an illustration of how the humanity of Christ

00:31:54.560 | and the deity of Christ were joined together in one person.

00:31:58.420 | Jesus Christ, because he was fully God, could not sin.

00:32:03.320 | And yet Jesus Christ, because he was fully man,

00:32:05.960 | could feel the full force of the weight

00:32:09.720 | of the temptations to sin.

00:32:12.360 | And that's why Hebrews 4 verse 15 says

00:32:16.580 | that he is a sympathetic high priest

00:32:19.720 | who is able to literally feel the same things as we are,

00:32:23.600 | to sympathize with us, because he has been tempted

00:32:27.900 | in all things as we are, yet without sin.

00:32:33.000 | This has marvelous hope for our counselees

00:32:38.000 | and those whom we minister to.

00:32:40.520 | But it goes back to the fact

00:32:41.880 | that Jesus had a true physical body.

00:32:44.360 | And so those temptations that he experienced,

00:32:49.360 | especially in Matthew chapter four,

00:32:51.720 | were very real temptations.

00:32:54.300 | And we don't wanna minimize the force of those temptations.

00:33:01.440 | Letter C, he had a human mind.

00:33:04.480 | That's a mystery as well.

00:33:05.840 | Mark 13 verse 32, "But concerning that day or that hour,

00:33:09.840 | "no one knows, not even the angels in heaven or the son,

00:33:13.520 | "but only the Father.

00:33:15.780 | "The mystery of the truth that Jesus Christ

00:33:18.340 | "possessed the attribute of omniscience,

00:33:22.440 | "and yet he did not know the day or the hour of his return."

00:33:29.680 | So that indicates that Jesus had a human mind

00:33:34.440 | that we see in his childhood,

00:33:38.100 | that he is developing in wisdom, he is growing in wisdom.

00:33:42.340 | Those are remarkable statements

00:33:45.620 | of the human mind of Jesus Christ,

00:33:49.320 | developing and growing as a five-year-old

00:33:51.600 | will progress to a six-year-old,

00:33:52.880 | seven-year-old, eight-year-old.

00:33:54.760 | Jesus grew in wisdom and in stature

00:33:58.120 | and in favor with God and man.

00:34:00.100 | Letter D, he had a human soul and a human spirit.

00:34:05.560 | Jesus said, "In the garden of Gethsemane,

00:34:07.340 | "my soul is very sorrowful, even to death.

00:34:10.020 | "Remain here and watch with me."

00:34:14.640 | Just a counseling note there that I believe that truth,

00:34:19.640 | that Jesus experienced sorrow in his soul

00:34:23.400 | to the point of death equips a biblical counselor

00:34:28.400 | to minister to the grieving.

00:34:30.800 | And if you are a biblical counselor

00:34:33.880 | who is able to minister to the grieving,

00:34:36.480 | you will have wide opportunities to minister

00:34:40.120 | because we have many in the church

00:34:42.880 | and many in our community who are struggling

00:34:45.600 | with grief over the loss of a loved one,

00:34:48.560 | grief over the diagnoses of different illnesses.

00:34:53.560 | Just sorrow is a part of this world

00:34:57.480 | and Jesus experienced sorrow in his soul.

00:35:01.480 | He was a man of sorrows.

00:35:02.760 | He was acquainted with grief.

00:35:04.360 | And so to understand that truth of the soul of Christ,

00:35:09.360 | experiencing human sorrow equips us to minister

00:35:15.880 | to those who are grieving.

00:35:17.440 | Letter E, he had human emotions.

00:35:21.840 | This is a related truth.

00:35:23.760 | One of my favorite passages speaking of Jesus

00:35:27.400 | is John 11, verse 33, that says,

00:35:29.840 | "When Jesus saw her weeping

00:35:31.720 | "and the Jews who had come with her also weeping,

00:35:34.020 | "he was deeply moved in his spirit and greatly troubled.

00:35:38.600 | "And he said, 'Where have you laid him?'

00:35:41.100 | "They said to him, 'Lord, come and see.'

00:35:43.740 | "Jesus wept."

00:35:46.420 | He didn't preach a sermon.

00:35:48.100 | He didn't give a lecture.

00:35:49.820 | He knew when to grieve and simply weep with those who weep.

00:35:54.500 | That's the full humanity of Jesus Christ.

00:35:59.500 | And then letter F, human development, Luke 2, verse 40,

00:36:03.500 | "And the child grew and became strong, filled with wisdom,

00:36:07.840 | "and the favor of God was upon him."

00:36:10.220 | Verse 52, "And Jesus increased in wisdom and in stature

00:36:14.500 | "and in favor with God and men."

00:36:16.940 | Hebrews 5, eight says, "He learned obedience."

00:36:21.060 | Yes, the question, how did Jesus learn obedience

00:36:25.660 | when he was perfect deity?

00:36:29.180 | How did, why does the writer of Hebrews say,

00:36:33.260 | "He learned obedience?"

00:36:35.620 | I believe the best explanation of that

00:36:38.920 | is that Jesus Christ, when he was five years old,

00:36:42.620 | obeyed God perfectly as a five-year-old human.

00:36:47.620 | When he was eight years old, he obeyed God perfectly

00:36:51.980 | as an eight-year-old human.

00:36:55.920 | When he was 20 years old, he obeyed God perfectly

00:36:59.720 | as a 20-year-old human and so forth and so on.

00:37:04.300 | At each point of the human development of Christ,

00:37:07.780 | there was at the same time progression in his obedience

00:37:12.780 | and perfection in his adherence to the law of God.

00:37:19.800 | There was progression because he was continuing

00:37:24.000 | to develop as a human.

00:37:26.640 | There was perfection because at each point,

00:37:29.400 | Jesus Christ was without sin.

00:37:31.900 | So he learned obedience.

00:37:35.000 | He grew in wisdom and in stature,

00:37:38.200 | just these marvelous truths about our Lord Jesus Christ.

00:37:41.840 | And then letter G, he had characteristics of a human being.

00:37:45.700 | Matthew 13, verse 53, it says that those in his hometown

00:37:52.760 | were astonished and said, "Where did this man

00:37:55.840 | "get this wisdom and these mighty works?

00:37:58.940 | "Is not this the carpenter's son?

00:38:00.780 | "Is not his mother called Mary?

00:38:03.620 | "Are not his brothers James and Joseph

00:38:05.500 | "and Simon and Judas and not all his sisters with us?

00:38:09.560 | "Where then did this man get these things?"

00:38:11.940 | And they took offense at him.

00:38:13.440 | You notice no one said in this passage,

00:38:17.260 | "Well, I knew it all along because when I played

00:38:20.140 | "with him as a five-year-old, he had a halo over his head."

00:38:25.140 | Nobody said that.

00:38:28.300 | Is this not the carpenter's son?

00:38:31.740 | Doesn't he have brothers, James and Joseph,

00:38:33.620 | Simon and Judas, at least from an outward human perspective,

00:38:37.860 | there was nothing to distinguish Jesus

00:38:40.340 | from the others who were living in the hometown of Nazareth.

00:38:45.340 | In fact, Isaiah 53, verse two says this,

00:38:51.460 | "For he grew up before him like a young plant

00:38:54.340 | "and like a root out of a dry ground.

00:38:56.260 | "He had no form or majesty that we should think at him.

00:39:01.740 | "And no beauty that we should not desire him.

00:39:04.740 | "He had the characteristics of a human being.

00:39:08.300 | "He looked like everyone else in Nazareth.

00:39:12.380 | "And yet he was sinless, perfect humanity.

00:39:18.520 | "He was tempted as we are yet without sin."

00:39:22.980 | Now, each of those elements, I mean,

00:39:26.420 | we could go on and talk through that.

00:39:29.580 | The full humanity of Jesus Christ,

00:39:32.540 | but I just want to pause for a second here.

00:39:36.940 | I know I'm gonna run out of time, but just for a second,

00:39:40.380 | I just really need to encourage you

00:39:42.880 | as those who are preparing to be counselors,

00:39:46.300 | that the doctrine of Christ's humanity

00:39:48.060 | is incredibly useful in counseling ministry.

00:39:53.020 | This is a precious doctrine

00:39:57.700 | that really gives hope to our counselees,

00:40:01.980 | to encourage them that Jesus Christ

00:40:05.300 | is a sympathetic high priest,

00:40:07.300 | that he understands what you're going through,

00:40:10.500 | to encourage counselees

00:40:11.620 | who are walking through a season of grief,

00:40:13.900 | that Jesus understands you.

00:40:15.700 | He sympathizes with you.

00:40:17.740 | He knows sorrow.

00:40:20.300 | He's walked through it in his earthly incarnation.

00:40:23.980 | He walked through this world.

00:40:25.620 | He wept at the grave side of Lazarus.

00:40:28.460 | He was sorrowful to the point of death,

00:40:31.380 | just to let them know that even our counselees

00:40:34.300 | who feel overwhelmed with sin and just guilt,

00:40:37.900 | and they feel weak,

00:40:39.180 | and they feel like they'll never overcome a particular sin,

00:40:41.860 | and just to let them know, to encourage them,

00:40:44.440 | that your high priest does not condemn you,

00:40:46.760 | but he sympathizes with you.

00:40:48.620 | You need to fully love this doctrine

00:40:55.740 | and then use it in counseling ministry to encourage,

00:40:59.140 | to give real encouragement to your counselees,

00:41:01.940 | because the humanity of Christ gives us hope.

00:41:05.260 | I mean, it really does.

00:41:07.140 | It teaches us that Jesus Christ

00:41:10.540 | does not stand in heaven far off and aloof and uncaring,

00:41:15.380 | and he's just out to condemn us

00:41:18.140 | and trying to find out all the things that we do wrong,

00:41:20.860 | and he's just gonna hit us over the head

00:41:24.260 | with some kind of rod of discipline

00:41:27.460 | every time we do something wrong in life.

00:41:31.020 | No, the humanity of Christ teaches us

00:41:33.400 | that we are to come boldly to the throne of grace

00:41:36.620 | and have confidence because we serve a high priest

00:41:40.220 | who knows us, who understands us,

00:41:42.500 | who sympathizes with our weaknesses,

00:41:45.120 | and who has died for us on the cross

00:41:48.660 | as our perfect substitute.

00:41:51.100 | And I just wanna encourage you

00:41:52.260 | to see the counseling implications

00:41:55.660 | of the humanity of Christ

00:41:56.860 | and use this doctrine in counseling ministry.

00:42:00.140 | I need to move on to the deity of Christ.

00:42:02.240 | I'm gonna do a brief overview of this.

00:42:05.380 | We see that divine attributes are applied to Christ.

00:42:10.300 | Attributes that can only be ascribed to divinity

00:42:13.460 | are said to be true of Jesus Christ.

00:42:16.300 | These are statements that would be blasphemous

00:42:19.620 | if it were not true that Jesus is fully God.

00:42:23.440 | A statement such as Matthew 28, verse 18,

00:42:26.140 | and Jesus came and said to them,

00:42:27.300 | "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me."

00:42:31.540 | Jesus claims that omnipotence belongs to him.

00:42:35.340 | Well, that would be blasphemous if Jesus wasn't fully God.

00:42:40.340 | He is claiming the right to a divine omnipotence.

00:42:45.980 | And then John 8, verse 58,

00:42:48.060 | Jesus said to them, "Truly, truly, I say to you,

00:42:50.740 | before Abraham was, I am."

00:42:53.060 | That's claiming the attribute of eternality.

00:42:56.500 | And just, again, they understood what he was saying.

00:43:00.220 | He was claiming to be God because it says in verse 59

00:43:02.500 | that they picked up stones to throw at him,

00:43:04.280 | but Jesus hid himself and went out of the temple.

00:43:08.060 | Hebrews 13, verse 8,

00:43:09.380 | "Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forever."

00:43:13.020 | That's the attribute of immutability.

00:43:16.740 | So you have these statements throughout the scriptures,

00:43:19.460 | divine attributes applied to Christ.

00:43:21.460 | You have divine names being applied to Christ.

00:43:24.860 | The name God is applied to Christ, that's pretty clear.

00:43:27.940 | In Hebrews 1, verse 8,

00:43:29.820 | "But of the son," he says, "your throne, O God,

00:43:31.980 | is forever and ever.

00:43:34.140 | The scepter of uprightness is the scepter of your kingdom."

00:43:38.540 | The term son refers to Christ.

00:43:42.020 | And the writer of Hebrews says that the son

00:43:45.180 | is clearly to be referred to as God.

00:43:48.440 | Not only the title God,

00:43:52.860 | but the title Lord is ascribed to Christ.

00:43:55.940 | Matthew 22, verse 42,

00:43:57.620 | "What do you think about the Christ?

00:43:59.060 | Whose son is he?

00:44:00.460 | They said to him, 'The son of David.'

00:44:01.940 | He said to them, 'How is it then that David,

00:44:04.440 | in the Spirit, calls him Lord?'

00:44:07.180 | The great confession of Thomas in John 20, verse 28,

00:44:10.240 | "Thomas answered him, 'My Lord, am I God?'"

00:44:13.340 | A clear reference to Christ as God.

00:44:16.100 | And then Titus 2, verse 13,

00:44:18.420 | says, "Waiting for our blessed hope,

00:44:20.580 | the appearing of the glory of our great God

00:44:22.940 | and Savior, Jesus Christ."

00:44:25.000 | We find that the title Savior is ascribed to Christ.

00:44:29.060 | Luke 2, verse 11,

00:44:30.340 | "For unto you is born this day in the city of David,

00:44:33.420 | a Savior, who is Christ the Lord,

00:44:36.860 | and Jesus Christ himself claimed to be God."

00:44:39.460 | In John 5, verse 18,

00:44:41.100 | "This is why the Jews were seeking all the more to kill him

00:44:44.300 | because not only was he breaking the Sabbath,

00:44:46.540 | but he was even calling God his own father,

00:44:50.600 | making himself equal with God."

00:44:54.040 | So they understood that Jesus was claiming

00:44:57.860 | the titles of deity.

00:45:01.180 | And then letter C, moving quickly,

00:45:03.580 | "Divine works ascribed to Christ."

00:45:06.180 | Colossians 1, verse 16,

00:45:08.020 | "For by him that is Christ,

00:45:11.100 | all things were created in heaven and on earth,

00:45:13.140 | visible and invisible,

00:45:14.880 | whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities,

00:45:17.160 | all things were created through him and for him.

00:45:20.940 | And he is before all things,

00:45:22.580 | and in him, all things hold together."

00:45:26.620 | That's the wonder of who our Savior is.

00:45:31.620 | At some point, you stop speculating,

00:45:36.700 | you just start worshiping.

00:45:38.100 | Just look at these truths,

00:45:41.100 | and you realize that I'm never gonna figure all of this out,

00:45:44.900 | even when I'm in heaven,

00:45:46.340 | I'm gonna be standing in awe and wonder at who Jesus is,

00:45:51.220 | but you just start worshiping Jesus, the God-man.

00:45:56.220 | And that leads us to letter D,

00:45:58.900 | "Divine worship ascribed to Christ."

00:46:02.340 | Remember, this would be blasphemous if Jesus were not God.

00:46:07.040 | Matthew 28, verse 16,

00:46:09.480 | "Now the 11 disciples went to Galilee,

00:46:11.680 | to the mountain to which Jesus had directed them.

00:46:13.960 | And when they saw him, they worshiped him,

00:46:16.940 | but some doubted."

00:46:18.260 | You remember the passage in Revelation 22, verse eight,

00:46:22.080 | "I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things.

00:46:24.720 | And when I heard and saw them,

00:46:25.720 | I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel

00:46:28.840 | who showed them to me.

00:46:29.800 | But he said to me, 'You must not do that.

00:46:32.720 | I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers,

00:46:34.760 | the prophets, and with those who keep the words

00:46:36.600 | of this book, worship God.'"

00:46:38.680 | So only God is to be worshiped.

00:46:40.640 | And Jesus Christ receives divine worship.

00:46:46.240 | That would be blasphemous if Jesus were not God.

00:46:50.780 | So you have the full humanity of Christ.

00:46:54.120 | You have the full deity of Christ.

00:46:56.560 | Those are the dual natures of Christ.

00:46:59.500 | The third thing we need to deal with

00:47:01.480 | is an understanding of how those two natures

00:47:04.420 | are joined together.

00:47:07.480 | So let me move to, I think this is on your handout

00:47:11.600 | on page five, the hypostatic union.

00:47:15.360 | What does the hypostatic union mean?

00:47:18.480 | Well, simply said, the term hypostatic union

00:47:20.800 | refers to the union of two distinct natures in one person.

00:47:28.160 | It's the union of the distinct nature of deity

00:47:31.680 | and the nature of full humanity in one person,

00:47:34.360 | the Lord Jesus Christ.

00:47:37.440 | If there is a difference between the term incarnation

00:47:41.000 | and the term hypostatic union,

00:47:44.000 | it would be that the incarnation refers to the act

00:47:48.160 | whereby the son of God took to himself

00:47:51.680 | an additional nature, the nature of humanity.

00:47:55.000 | The hypostatic union, that term refers to the union

00:47:59.320 | that resulted through the joining

00:48:03.640 | of full humanity to full deity.

00:48:07.420 | And so we're referring to the union of two distinct natures.

00:48:13.280 | Now I have there on your handout

00:48:17.160 | some inadequate views of the hypostatic union.

00:48:21.200 | I'm gonna skip some of this material.

00:48:22.700 | You can read on your own, but let me move

00:48:25.920 | to some inadequate views just to let you know

00:48:29.160 | that we need to be careful on how we understand

00:48:32.880 | the hypostatic union.

00:48:35.240 | The first inadequate view, and Wayne Grudem

00:48:37.880 | does a great job of walking you through this

00:48:39.700 | if you read through his systematic theology.

00:48:42.200 | The first inadequate view would be Apollinarianism.

00:48:48.840 | Apollinarianism was the view of the Bishop Apollinaris

00:48:53.840 | who lived in the fourth century AD.

00:48:56.320 | Apollinaris sought to avoid an undue separation

00:49:01.020 | of the two natures of Christ.

00:49:03.980 | And so he taught that Christ had a human body

00:49:07.300 | but not a human mind or spirit.

00:49:10.500 | Jesus Christ was essentially a divine mind

00:49:14.340 | and a divine spirit in a human body.

00:49:17.420 | That's where we get the term God in a bod,

00:49:21.680 | that idea that Jesus wasn't fully human,

00:49:25.100 | but merely he was a divine mind

00:49:28.480 | and a divine spirit in a human body.

00:49:31.620 | Now that does not capture, as I've shared with you,

00:49:36.220 | the full biblical understanding of who Jesus Christ is.

00:49:39.280 | Apollinarianism was rejected by several church councils,

00:49:44.240 | including the Council of Constantinople in AD 381.

00:49:48.160 | And what we learn from Apollinarianism

00:49:54.180 | and the church's response to this error

00:49:57.540 | is we have to be very careful

00:50:00.220 | to affirm the full humanity of Jesus Christ.

00:50:03.700 | Those who hold to Apollinarianism would say that,

00:50:09.380 | yes, Jesus had a human body,

00:50:12.180 | but not fully a human mind or a human spirit or soul.

00:50:17.180 | And so we need to be very careful

00:50:19.460 | to affirm the full humanity of Jesus Christ.

00:50:23.060 | That's indicated as well in 1 John 4, verse two,

00:50:26.260 | which says, "By this you know the Spirit of God.

00:50:30.060 | "Every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ

00:50:32.500 | "has come in the flesh is from God,

00:50:35.820 | "and every spirit that does not confess Jesus

00:50:38.180 | "is not from God."

00:50:41.000 | So that's speaking of the necessity

00:50:43.520 | of affirming the full humanity of Christ.

00:50:47.380 | A second inadequate view is the view of Nestorianism.

00:50:51.340 | Nestorianism divided Christ into two persons

00:50:56.840 | and held that these two persons existed in one body.

00:51:01.680 | So that is an additional error,

00:51:06.980 | an inadequate view of the hypostatic union.

00:51:11.980 | It's actually disputed whether Nestorius,

00:51:15.040 | a Bishop of Constantinople in AD 428,

00:51:17.960 | actually taught that the error bore his name,

00:51:21.080 | and Nestorianism was condemned

00:51:22.700 | by the Council of Ephesus in 431 AD.

00:51:26.820 | Grudem writes this.

00:51:28.820 | This isn't on your handout,

00:51:30.280 | but it was a very helpful explanation.

00:51:34.400 | He writes, "Nowhere in Scripture

00:51:35.720 | "do we have an indication that the human nature of Christ

00:51:39.600 | "is an independent person,

00:51:41.860 | "doing something contrary to the divine nature of Christ,

00:51:47.100 | "nor do we have an indication of the human

00:51:49.300 | "and divine natures talking to each other

00:51:52.560 | "or struggling within Christ or any such thing.

00:51:55.840 | "Rather, we have a consistent picture

00:51:58.420 | "of a single person acting in wholeness and unity.

00:52:02.640 | "Jesus always speaks as I, not we.

00:52:06.420 | "The Bible always speaks of Jesus as he, not they.

00:52:11.740 | "And though we can sometimes distinguish actions

00:52:14.860 | "of his divine nature and actions of his human nature

00:52:18.000 | "in order to help us understand

00:52:19.500 | "some of the statements and actions recorded in Scripture,

00:52:23.480 | "the Bible itself does not say

00:52:25.220 | "Jesus's human nature did this

00:52:27.220 | "or Jesus's divine nature did that

00:52:30.180 | "as though they were separate persons.

00:52:32.700 | "But the Bible always talks about

00:52:35.780 | "what the person of Christ did.

00:52:39.220 | "Therefore, the church continued to insist

00:52:41.300 | "that Jesus was one person,

00:52:43.580 | "although possessing both a human nature

00:52:45.800 | "and a divine nature."

00:52:48.060 | So a very good explanation of that idea

00:52:52.300 | that Jesus is not two persons.

00:52:55.260 | He is a one person with two natures.

00:53:00.240 | And then a third inadequate view would be Eutychianism.

00:53:04.300 | This was a reaction against Nestorianism

00:53:12.420 | and emphasized that there was only one nature in Christ.

00:53:17.420 | And so Eutychianism taught that the human nature of Christ

00:53:24.060 | was taken up and absorbed into the divine nature

00:53:26.740 | so that both natures were changed somewhat

00:53:30.340 | and a third kind of nature resulted.

00:53:32.680 | So this is the informal way of putting it.

00:53:37.680 | Apollinarianism would be God in a bod,

00:53:41.740 | Eutychianism would be God in a blender.

00:53:44.020 | It's this idea of you have the divine nature of Jesus

00:53:48.300 | and the human nature of Jesus,

00:53:50.340 | and they sort of mix together and blended together

00:53:53.660 | and formed this kind of hybrid third kind of nature.

00:53:57.700 | And again, that is an inadequate view

00:54:02.700 | of the hypostatic union.

00:54:03.860 | That is not reflective of what the Bible would teach

00:54:07.440 | of how the two natures were joined together.

00:54:11.020 | So this is the opposite error from Nestorianism.

00:54:15.060 | Eutychianism denied that the human nature

00:54:19.260 | and divine nature of Christ remained fully human

00:54:22.440 | and fully divine.

00:54:24.020 | He held rather that the human nature of Christ

00:54:27.060 | was taken up and absorbed into the divine nature

00:54:30.380 | so that both natures were changed somewhat

00:54:33.440 | and a third kind of nature resulted.

00:54:37.180 | So how do we understand the hypostatic union?

00:54:41.620 | Grudem does a great job of walking you through

00:54:44.600 | the Chalcedonian definition of 451 AD.

00:54:48.460 | And there's a couple statements in that definition.

00:54:52.300 | You can read the whole thing on your own.

00:54:54.980 | But a couple key portions of that definition,

00:54:58.300 | which was a response to Apollinarianism, Nestorianism,

00:55:02.900 | Eutychianism, those were all things

00:55:05.300 | that were floating around in that day.

00:55:08.220 | And the Chalcedonian definition sought to clarify

00:55:13.100 | the doctrine of the hypostatic union.

00:55:16.420 | And this definition said,

00:55:18.060 | our Lord Jesus Christ at once complete in Godhead

00:55:21.260 | and complete in manhood, truly God and truly man,

00:55:26.260 | consisting also of a reasonable soul and body.

00:55:32.220 | Now, why is the statement saying that

00:55:35.900 | he is truly God and truly man?

00:55:38.580 | Well, what the statement was doing there

00:55:40.800 | is affirming the full humanity of Jesus Christ.

00:55:45.800 | That part of the statement was responding to the idea

00:55:50.260 | that Jesus Christ was merely human

00:55:54.060 | in terms of his physical body.

00:55:56.500 | And so you have that language of truly God and truly man,

00:56:00.460 | complete in manhood.

00:56:03.220 | It was an attempt to assert the full humanity

00:56:07.020 | of Jesus Christ in response to Apollinarianism.

00:56:10.220 | And then you have this famous statement here

00:56:13.860 | in the Chalcedonian definition,

00:56:17.180 | recognized in two natures,

00:56:19.340 | and then note those four statements that follow,

00:56:21.940 | without confusion, without change,

00:56:24.760 | without division, without separation.

00:56:29.100 | Those are four very important statements

00:56:33.980 | that I'll bring up on the next slide

00:56:36.340 | that really clarify what we mean by the hypostatic union.

00:56:41.340 | I'll just note at this point

00:56:43.500 | that there are four really important statements there,

00:56:47.340 | without confusion, without change,

00:56:49.100 | without division, without separation.

00:56:51.680 | And then it goes on to say the distinction of natures

00:56:55.080 | being in no way annulled by the union,

00:56:58.120 | that's responding to Eutychianism,

00:57:01.540 | the idea that you sort of blended these natures together

00:57:04.140 | and got a third kind of nature.

00:57:06.700 | The statement is saying, no, the natures are distinct,

00:57:10.740 | and distinction is in no way annulled by the union,

00:57:13.880 | but rather the characteristics of each nature

00:57:16.820 | being preserved and coming together to form,

00:57:20.020 | how many persons?

00:57:21.720 | One person.

00:57:23.420 | So that's a response to Nestorianism that said,

00:57:27.400 | because you have two natures, there has to be two persons.

00:57:30.500 | You find that this statement is really responding

00:57:32.860 | to all three inadequate definitions.

00:57:36.700 | So Kevin DeYoung does a great job

00:57:39.620 | walking us through those four key phrases

00:57:42.100 | without confusion.

00:57:44.100 | So the Lord Jesus Christ is not what you get

00:57:46.140 | when you mix blue and yellow together

00:57:47.900 | and end up with green.

00:57:49.100 | It's a good way of talking about the whole idea of blending.

00:57:52.500 | There's no confusion.

00:57:54.060 | He's not a tertium quid, a third thing,

00:57:56.080 | the result of mixing a divine and human nature.

00:57:59.660 | The second statement, without change,

00:58:01.620 | in assuming human flesh,

00:58:02.780 | the Logos did not cease to be what he had always been.

00:58:05.880 | The incarnation affected no substantial change

00:58:08.620 | in the divine son.

00:58:10.080 | The third statement, without division,

00:58:13.700 | the two natures of Christ do not represent a split

00:58:16.300 | in the divine person.

00:58:17.360 | Jesus Christ is not half God and half man.

00:58:21.560 | And then without separation,

00:58:23.160 | the union of the human and divine

00:58:25.220 | in the person of Jesus Christ is a real organic union,

00:58:29.020 | not simply a moral sympathy or relational partnership.

00:58:34.840 | And so that statement is still the standard definition

00:58:39.840 | of a hypostatic union affirmed by Protestant churches today.

00:58:44.940 | Okay, so here's the payoff.

00:58:46.620 | Give me five minutes and I'll wrap this up.

00:58:48.620 | This is the last part of the essay question.

00:58:53.380 | The question is,

00:58:54.800 | discuss the dual natures of Christ

00:58:59.960 | and then talk about why this is necessary

00:59:03.900 | for our salvation.

00:59:05.760 | So let me just end this on a very happy note

00:59:10.760 | by saying it has everything to do with our salvation.

00:59:15.140 | If Jesus Christ were not fully God and fully man,

00:59:20.140 | there would be no salvation.

00:59:22.680 | He is the perfect savior because he is the perfect man,

00:59:27.320 | the second Adam.

00:59:28.380 | He is the perfect man who obeyed when Adam disobeyed.

00:59:33.160 | He triumphed where Adam fell.

00:59:36.600 | He was the only man to ever fully obey

00:59:40.960 | the law of God perfectly and never fail to obey God's law.

00:59:45.960 | He never sinned in attitude, in action.

00:59:50.740 | He never sinned in sin of omission or commission.

00:59:55.740 | He is the perfect man.

00:59:58.800 | And because he is the perfect man,

01:00:01.240 | he is the perfect substitute.

01:00:04.280 | The whole concept of substitutionary atonement

01:00:07.160 | that there was one who stood in our place,

01:00:10.320 | who took the place that we ought to have stood in,

01:00:13.640 | who bore the wrath we ought to bear

01:00:16.320 | and paid the payment that we ought to have paid.

01:00:20.440 | That whole beautiful concept of substitution

01:00:22.760 | that was foretold in the Old Testament

01:00:25.120 | where there were lambs and bulls and the blood of goats.

01:00:28.440 | And there was always this concept of someone needs to die

01:00:31.120 | for your sins in order for you to be saved.

01:00:33.680 | And it all pointed forward

01:00:34.840 | to the perfect substitute who is Christ.

01:00:37.440 | And because he was the perfect man,

01:00:40.480 | he was able to be the perfect substitute.

01:00:44.480 | And that is just something we ought to rejoice in.

01:00:48.720 | But the second part of it is

01:00:50.200 | because Jesus Christ was fully God,

01:00:53.320 | he could make perfect atonement for our sins.

01:00:57.680 | That's why the writer of Hebrews says,

01:00:58.960 | "There's no more need for sacrifices.

01:01:01.160 | "There's no more need to bring the blood of bulls and goats.

01:01:05.440 | "The perfect sacrifice has been offered."

01:01:07.920 | And Jesus Christ sat down once and for all

01:01:10.840 | because he had completed the work of atonement.

01:01:15.240 | Perfect atonement has been made.

01:01:17.360 | The infinite value of the sacrifice of Christ at the cross

01:01:22.360 | was fully sufficient to pay for all of our sins,

01:01:24.960 | past, present and future.

01:01:27.280 | And it all relates to this topic,

01:01:30.960 | the dual natures of Jesus Christ.

01:01:34.200 | This is a work by Bruce Ware, "The Man, Christ, Jesus."

01:01:38.520 | I'd encourage you to pick this up

01:01:40.840 | if you have a spare $10.

01:01:43.600 | It's well worth the price of admission.

01:01:46.280 | He has a book called "The Man, Christ, Jesus,"

01:01:48.080 | where he reflects on the humanity of Jesus Christ.

01:01:51.720 | And he says this,

01:01:52.640 | "Why couldn't a perfect second Adam have been our savior?

01:01:57.140 | "If God had created a perfect and sinless second Adam,

01:02:00.660 | "if God had worked in him so that he never sinned,

01:02:03.820 | "this perfect man still could not have saved us

01:02:06.740 | "by taking our sin and dying in our place."

01:02:09.180 | So he's saying, "If you had a perfect man,

01:02:11.960 | "but he was not also perfectly God,

01:02:14.420 | "he could not have been the perfect substitute.

01:02:17.580 | "Why?

01:02:18.420 | "As a man, he would qualify to take our place in death,

01:02:22.040 | "but as only a man, he could take our sin and pay for it

01:02:25.500 | "in just the same manner we as mere humans would pay for it."

01:02:29.340 | So now the question is this,

01:02:30.820 | how do we as humans pay for our sin

01:02:32.660 | if we are required to pay for it ourselves?

01:02:35.900 | Here's the answer.

01:02:36.740 | We pay for it eternally.

01:02:39.280 | That is, we never finished paying for our sin

01:02:42.240 | because our sin requires an infinite payment.

01:02:45.100 | The reason that hell is eternal

01:02:46.960 | is simply that justice demands a full payment for our sin,

01:02:51.060 | and a full payment is impossible for finite humans

01:02:53.740 | to render to an infinitely holy God.

01:02:56.020 | Therefore, if we pay for our own sin, we pay forever,

01:02:59.980 | and hence there never comes a time

01:03:02.220 | when we can say it is finished.

01:03:05.900 | It can never be said of us,

01:03:08.640 | the payment for our sin has been completed,

01:03:11.800 | and God's just demands against us are fully satisfied.

01:03:14.900 | That's staggering.

01:03:15.940 | I mean, 10,000 years in hell,

01:03:18.300 | if you die without Christ,

01:03:21.380 | there will never come a point in hell

01:03:24.600 | where people will say the payment is complete for my sin

01:03:29.260 | because sin requires an infinite payment.

01:03:33.980 | And so the duration of the punishment is eternal.

01:03:38.220 | And what, where it goes on to say is,

01:03:42.620 | this is the glory of our Savior.

01:03:44.440 | Therefore, Jesus had to be fully God as well as fully man.

01:03:48.300 | He had to be fully God for the payment he rendered

01:03:50.980 | to be of infinite value,

01:03:52.780 | satisfying fully the demands of an infinitely holy God,

01:03:56.460 | but he also had to be fully human

01:03:58.180 | in order for his death to be substitutionary.

01:04:01.300 | He died in our place,

01:04:02.660 | dying the death that we deserve to die,

01:04:04.500 | burying in his body on the cross the sin we commit,

01:04:07.380 | the infinite value of Christ's payment for our sin

01:04:10.740 | attaches to his being fully God.

01:04:13.700 | The substitutionary nature of Christ's death

01:04:15.980 | attaches most squarely to his being fully human.

01:04:20.980 | I know it costs $10,

01:04:22.500 | but that's worth the price of admission.

01:04:25.080 | I'd encourage you to get that book.

01:04:26.480 | It'll help you answer the fourth part of this question.

01:04:29.780 | Why did Jesus need to be fully God as well as fully man

01:04:34.040 | in order to bring salvation to the world?

01:04:36.960 | And where says it, I think as good as anyone could say it,

01:04:40.500 | he had to be fully human to be our substitute.

01:04:42.780 | He had to be fully God to make perfect atonement.

01:04:47.780 | And so Charles Ryrie concludes with this.

01:04:52.860 | If because of the death of Christ, God is satisfied,

01:04:55.420 | then what can the sinner do to try to satisfy God?

01:04:58.660 | The answer is nothing.

01:05:00.760 | Everything has been done by God himself.

01:05:03.020 | I mean, that's the glory of our salvation

01:05:04.820 | is that Jesus has paid it all.

01:05:07.660 | He says a sinner can and need only receive

01:05:09.680 | the gift of righteousness God offers.

01:05:12.540 | God is appeased, placated and satisfied eternally.

01:05:15.620 | This is the message we bring to a lost world.

01:05:18.820 | Receive the savior who through his death

01:05:21.020 | satisfy the wrath of God.

01:05:23.100 | I don't know of any sweeter sound that a sinner can hear

01:05:27.140 | than to know that God is satisfied

01:05:30.620 | through the death of the perfect substitute, Jesus.

01:05:34.900 | And so this is what we bring to our counselees.

01:05:39.900 | So I know I've gone over time,

01:05:42.360 | but let me just encourage you in this way.

01:05:45.960 | This is the message we have to bring to our counselees.

01:05:49.900 | I mean, this is Romans 8, verse one.

01:05:54.300 | There is therefore now no condemnation

01:05:55.940 | for those who are in Christ Jesus.

01:05:57.400 | Can you imagine a counselee who comes for counseling,

01:06:00.780 | who is so weighed down because this person's going through

01:06:03.980 | so much suffering, so many trials,

01:06:06.300 | and this person feels like God is punishing him or her.

01:06:12.280 | And he cannot see the favored smile of God.

01:06:16.680 | He only sees the frowning providence of God's hand.

01:06:21.580 | And it is your role as a biblical counselor

01:06:24.440 | to reorient your counselee to these gospel truths

01:06:29.320 | that you are not being condemned.

01:06:31.040 | You are not being punished for your sins.

01:06:33.320 | Jesus was punished for your sins.

01:06:36.160 | The satisfaction has been complete in him

01:06:38.520 | and you are not being condemned.

01:06:40.440 | Now God is using these trials to make you more like Christ.

01:06:43.120 | And he's gonna give you all sufficient grace

01:06:45.000 | to help you through your trials.

01:06:46.840 | But these are not, this is not punishment.

01:06:50.080 | It's not condemnation.

01:06:52.200 | Hebrews 10, verse 14, for by a single offering

01:06:54.640 | he has perfected for all time

01:06:56.040 | those who are being sanctified.

01:06:57.960 | And Romans 5, verse one,

01:06:59.080 | therefore, since we have been justified by faith,

01:07:01.160 | we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ,

01:07:03.200 | through him, we have also obtained access by faith

01:07:06.720 | into this grace in which we stand

01:07:08.080 | and we rejoice in the hope of the glory of God.

01:07:10.140 | I mean, that's just the truths that we need to internalize

01:07:14.680 | and learn and give to our counselees.

01:07:17.600 | ACBC is the one counseling organization that I know,

01:07:22.600 | maybe there's others, but this is our distinctive

01:07:26.000 | as ACBC is we train our counselees,

01:07:31.000 | our counselors to speak about Jesus.

01:07:36.080 | I mean, that's basically it.

01:07:38.000 | We want our counselees to talk about Jesus and him crucified,

01:07:41.820 | the gospel of Christ, the good news of Christ.

01:07:44.540 | And so theology exam number 12 is part of that training.

01:07:49.340 | It's part of that training to produce

01:07:51.820 | Christ-centered counselors who can minister

01:07:54.860 | the truth of Christ to others.

01:07:57.060 | And so I hope you'll do well on this essay,

01:08:00.580 | that you'll rejoice your way through it,

01:08:02.740 | and that you'll have a wonderful time this week

01:08:05.020 | writing this essay.

01:08:06.780 | So what I'm gonna do, I'm gonna close and in prayer,

01:08:09.920 | and you can be free to go tonight.

01:08:13.040 | I'll hang on for a few minutes if any of you have questions

01:08:15.120 | on the essays or anything that I can help with.

01:08:18.240 | But let me close in prayer and let you guys go.

01:08:21.480 | Father, we just rejoice tonight.

01:08:23.280 | Just thank you so much for Christ.

01:08:26.400 | We can never thank you enough for the gospel message,

01:08:31.840 | this glorious news of the salvation of Jesus,

01:08:36.840 | our perfect substitute, the one mediator between God and man,

01:08:42.100 | the lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world.

01:08:45.540 | We just thank you that our sins have been paid for

01:08:48.940 | in full at the cross, that there is no condemnation

01:08:52.160 | for those of us who are in Christ Jesus.

01:08:54.520 | We pray that Lord, you would allow these truths

01:08:57.140 | to bring joy to our hearts,

01:08:59.800 | and that you would help us, Lord,

01:09:01.300 | to then minister these truths to others.

01:09:03.940 | Make us into gospel-centered, Christ-centered counselors

01:09:08.340 | who can take your word and minister hope and help

01:09:11.380 | to those who are so desperately in need of these truths.

01:09:16.380 | And we give the fruit of this time to you,

01:09:18.300 | and we thank you for it.

01:09:19.140 | In Jesus' name, amen.

01:09:20.760 | Well, friends, thanks so much for joining us tonight.

01:09:24.500 | If you have any questions on anything,

01:09:27.100 | I'll be happy to, I will be happy to answer that on the chat.

01:09:32.100 | Otherwise, we will see you next week at five o'clock,

01:09:37.280 | where we'll go through theology exam number 13.

01:09:40.900 | Thanks so much, you guys, for your encouragement.

01:09:48.560 | A question came in, "Could you please expound

01:09:53.900 | "on counseling issues related to grief

01:09:55.780 | "and diagnosis of illness?"

01:09:58.240 | Yeah, a quick response to that would just be,

01:10:02.700 | biblical counselors must be equipped to minister

01:10:08.760 | to those who are grieving, not only because of the need

01:10:12.880 | and the many who are grieving in the church

01:10:16.160 | and in the world, but so that we could be like Christ.

01:10:19.960 | I mean, that is Jesus, the man of sorrows,

01:10:22.440 | Jesus who was grieved to the point of death.

01:10:26.480 | Jesus understands, Jesus draws near

01:10:28.900 | to those who are grieving.

01:10:30.920 | And so we must learn to be like Christ.

01:10:35.600 | I think that would be as simply as I would put it.

01:10:39.560 | Christ went to the grave site of Lazarus and he wept.

01:10:43.600 | And he didn't try to explain all of the sorrows away.

01:10:48.280 | He just wept with those who weep.

01:10:50.520 | And that's something that I really want to encourage

01:10:54.520 | our counselors to develop is,

01:10:59.360 | you need to learn to weep with those who weep.

01:11:01.760 | 25 years ago, I went to seminary,

01:11:05.280 | I came out with all the answers,

01:11:07.360 | and I was just a Bible machine gun.

01:11:10.720 | Anyone who's struggling with anything,

01:11:12.120 | I would know the answers and just kind of shoot them

01:11:14.920 | with Bible verses.

01:11:16.480 | And it was when God took me through

01:11:18.240 | my own personal wilderness and God broke me

01:11:21.840 | and humbled me and he took me through

01:11:24.740 | my own seasons of sorrow.

01:11:26.720 | And now I've sat with many counselees

01:11:29.680 | and just before giving answers, I just weep with them.

01:11:33.920 | I just weep with those who weep

01:11:36.400 | because that's a biblical command.

01:11:38.000 | And also that's one of the most effective ways to counsel.

01:11:42.280 | I always remember the deacon who counseled me at Kindred.

01:11:46.080 | And I don't remember what he said,

01:11:47.460 | but I remember the tears in his eyes

01:11:49.160 | as he just grieved with me over certain things

01:11:51.800 | that were going on in my life.

01:11:53.640 | And when you see that kind of counselor,

01:11:55.080 | I tell you, you're open to whatever

01:11:57.820 | that person is gonna say,

01:11:58.960 | 'cause you know that person cares about you.

01:12:01.480 | So learn to be compassionate,

01:12:03.320 | learn to enter a person's world,

01:12:05.560 | just learn to,

01:12:07.080 | it's never the,

01:12:11.600 | the goal is never to eliminate grief.

01:12:14.200 | Grief will be with us, sorrow will be with us

01:12:16.280 | until we go to heaven.

01:12:18.200 | The goal is to help people walk with God

01:12:20.480 | in seasons of grief,

01:12:21.600 | to know that they can draw near to Christ in their sorrow,

01:12:25.300 | that Christ understands them.

01:12:27.280 | And that's for each of us.

01:12:29.560 | It's not the elimination of emotion, that's sanctification.

01:12:34.560 | It's drawing near to Christ in your sorrow.

01:12:39.060 | So I just encourage you to think through that

01:12:42.800 | and to develop those truths

01:12:45.780 | and to learn to minister to those who are hurting.

01:12:50.000 | Greg Laurie said that if you minister to hurting hearts,

01:12:52.520 | you'll always have an audience.

01:12:54.720 | And that's true for counseling

01:12:55.920 | as well as it is for preaching and teaching.

01:12:59.120 | So please think through that

01:13:01.360 | and develop that in your own ministry.

01:13:04.000 | - Well, God bless you guys.

01:13:08.200 | Thanks so much for taking the hour tonight.

01:13:10.600 | And I had a lot to say.

01:13:11.800 | So it went a little bit over time,

01:13:12.920 | but I just really appreciate your patience

01:13:15.360 | and your faithfulness.

01:13:16.200 | We'll be back here at five o'clock next week, next Sunday,

01:13:19.760 | and we'll go through the-

ACBC Theology Exam 12 - The Dual Natures of Christ

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