How Fish Oil & Omega-3s Can Help Reduce Headaches

00:00:00.000 | [silence]

00:00:02.560 | What I'd like to discuss next, I find extremely exciting.

00:00:06.120 | Why?

00:00:06.960 | Well, what I'm about to describe is a compound

00:00:09.600 | or I should say a set of compounds

00:00:11.360 | that are available over the counter

00:00:13.680 | that have been shown to be very effective

00:00:16.240 | in reducing the frequency and intensity of headaches.

00:00:18.720 | And not just one kind of headache,

00:00:20.080 | but multiple types of headaches.

00:00:21.660 | So what I'll describe has been shown

00:00:23.580 | to have significant effects in reducing the intensity

00:00:27.160 | or frequency of tension type headaches,

00:00:29.480 | migraine type headaches, as well as hormone type headaches

00:00:32.800 | that are related to the menstrual cycles

00:00:34.480 | that I described earlier.

00:00:35.680 | Now, there are a lot of data

00:00:37.000 | centered around this general topic,

00:00:39.200 | but I'm going to focus on three main papers.

00:00:41.740 | What I haven't told you yet, of course,

00:00:43.280 | is what is the compound that I'm referring to?

00:00:45.000 | What is this over-the-counter compound?

00:00:47.040 | Well, it turns out this over-the-counter compound

00:00:49.300 | is not just available over the counter,

00:00:51.040 | it's also available in food.

00:00:53.140 | So it turns out that nutrition can have a very strong impact

00:00:56.320 | on the frequency and intensity of headache,

00:00:58.480 | although supplementation with this particular compound

00:01:01.080 | can accomplish the same thing as well.

00:01:02.980 | What I'm referring to here are omega-3 fatty acids.

00:01:06.600 | Many of you are probably familiar

00:01:07.700 | with omega-3 fatty acids.

00:01:08.960 | These are fatty acids that come in the form

00:01:11.400 | of so-called EPA and DHA.

00:01:13.760 | And omega-3 fatty acids are commonly distinguished

00:01:16.580 | from the so-called omega-6 fatty acids.

00:01:19.640 | Omega-6 fatty acids come in a bunch of different foods,

00:01:23.160 | and they, of course, can be supplemented as well.

00:01:25.160 | Omega-3 fatty acids come in a bunch of different foods

00:01:27.240 | and can be supplemented as well.

00:01:28.800 | Common forms of omega-3 fatty acids,

00:01:31.060 | or I should say common sources of omega-3 fatty acids

00:01:33.980 | in foods include fatty ocean fish,

00:01:36.980 | including salmon, salmon skins, sardines, anchovies,

00:01:40.280 | things of that sort.

00:01:41.960 | Common sources in supplement form are so-called fish oil,

00:01:46.200 | capsules, or liquid fish oil.

00:01:48.160 | Again, omega-3 fatty acids.

00:01:49.880 | And almost always when we're talking

00:01:51.880 | about omega-3 fatty acids,

00:01:53.240 | we're talking about a combination of EPA and DHA,

00:01:56.880 | but really it is the quantity of EPA omega-3 fatty acids

00:02:01.880 | that seems to be the most impactful

00:02:03.640 | for the sorts of health metrics

00:02:04.960 | that we're going to talk about in a few minutes.

00:02:07.420 | Now, with respect to omega-6 fatty acids,

00:02:10.680 | the most typical food sources

00:02:12.040 | of omega-6 fatty acids are seed oils.

00:02:14.560 | I know nowadays seed oils have become quite controversial.

00:02:18.280 | I've given my stance on this in a prior podcast,

00:02:21.080 | but I'll just repeat it for those of you

00:02:22.200 | that haven't heard it.

00:02:23.320 | I am not of the belief that all seed oils are bad,

00:02:26.560 | that they're all inflammatory,

00:02:28.280 | that they are killing us or making us sick,

00:02:30.600 | that they are the major cause

00:02:31.880 | of metabolic dysfunction, et cetera.

00:02:33.320 | However, I think it is very clear,

00:02:35.240 | and I learned this from Dr. Lane Norton

00:02:36.720 | when he was a guest on this podcast

00:02:38.200 | and taught us all about nutrition in great depth.

00:02:41.160 | I highly recommend that episode

00:02:42.680 | if you're interested in nutrition,

00:02:44.200 | that people are consuming a lot more oil generally.

00:02:47.640 | And a lot of those oils

00:02:48.920 | that people are consuming more of nowadays

00:02:51.680 | include a lot of the so-called omega-6 fatty acids.

00:02:55.080 | And a lot of those oils are seed oils.

00:02:57.200 | The particular omega-6 fatty acid

00:02:59.000 | that's going to be relevant for today's discussion

00:03:00.800 | is linoleic acid.

00:03:02.520 | And that is common in a lot of seed oils.

00:03:04.720 | So again, I'm not going to tell you

00:03:06.880 | that seed oils are bad.

00:03:07.960 | However, it does seem to be the case

00:03:09.680 | that many people are consuming far too many seed oils,

00:03:13.240 | and in doing so are consuming far too many calories,

00:03:15.680 | and perhaps are consuming too much

00:03:17.680 | of the omega-6 fatty acids

00:03:20.120 | relative to the omega-3 fatty acids.

00:03:22.280 | Now, with that said,

00:03:23.120 | I think there is general agreement

00:03:24.640 | among nutritionists and health professionals

00:03:27.720 | that we could all stand to get more omega-3 fatty acids,

00:03:32.000 | perhaps for cardiovascular health,

00:03:33.520 | although that's a little bit debated,

00:03:34.880 | but certainly for immune system function,

00:03:37.680 | for mood, and for functioning of the brain,

00:03:39.600 | and for the potent anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3.

00:03:43.880 | So again, omega-3s can be sourced from food,

00:03:46.500 | both animal-based and plant-based.

00:03:47.900 | You can simply go online

00:03:49.060 | and look up the various food-based sources.

00:03:51.320 | But in thinking about headache

00:03:54.120 | and different treatments for headache,

00:03:55.240 | there are some recent studies exploring

00:03:56.920 | how supplementing with omega-3 fatty acids,

00:03:59.520 | and in one case,

00:04:00.540 | how supplementing with omega-3 fatty acids

00:04:02.560 | and deliberately reducing the amount of linoleic acid,

00:04:06.100 | the omega-6 fatty acids,

00:04:07.760 | how that can impact headache.

00:04:09.440 | So the first study I'd like to describe

00:04:10.960 | in reference to the role of omega-3 fatty acids

00:04:13.080 | in headache was published in 2018,

00:04:15.880 | and the title of the paper is

00:04:17.040 | Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Headache

00:04:19.520 | in the U.S. Population.

00:04:20.880 | There are a number of things

00:04:21.720 | that I really like about this study.

00:04:23.240 | A few of those include the fact

00:04:24.800 | that they looked at an enormous number of people.

00:04:28.160 | That is, they included 12,317 men and women.

00:04:31.760 | I like the fact that they included men and women

00:04:33.400 | in the study, age 20 or older,

00:04:35.560 | and that they broke down the population

00:04:37.720 | into categories that included age.

00:04:40.840 | They certainly looked at race and ethnicity.

00:04:43.320 | They looked at educational background.

00:04:45.360 | They looked at body mass, total energy intake,

00:04:47.840 | which is really important.

00:04:48.840 | If you think about it,

00:04:49.780 | people are going to be eating,

00:04:51.280 | and within the things that they eat,

00:04:53.400 | they're going to be consuming some omega-3s, hopefully,

00:04:56.560 | as well as some omega-6s.

00:04:58.120 | And if they're eating far more,

00:04:59.200 | then they're going to get far more of,

00:05:01.480 | likely going to get far more of both of those things

00:05:03.760 | than they would ordinarily

00:05:04.700 | if they were eating a smaller amount.

00:05:06.080 | So they controlled for total caloric intake

00:05:08.480 | in a way that I find particularly useful

00:05:11.920 | for looking at these kind of data.

00:05:13.480 | So the reason they explored omega-3s is worth mentioning.

00:05:16.100 | Omega-3 fatty acids are known to have

00:05:18.040 | an anti-inflammatory effect.

00:05:20.960 | That anti-inflammatory effect is mediated

00:05:23.060 | through a couple of different pathways.

00:05:24.300 | We won't go into these in too much detail now,

00:05:26.460 | but the omega-3 fatty acids, keep in mind,

00:05:29.180 | actually make up various parts of cells

00:05:32.140 | in the brain and body.

00:05:33.380 | That's right.

00:05:34.220 | The membrane that, remember I talked before

00:05:36.260 | about how steroid hormones can go through

00:05:37.700 | the different membranes of the cells,

00:05:38.860 | the outer membrane and the inner membrane,

00:05:40.640 | a lot of those actual membranes,

00:05:42.180 | the structural constituents of neurons and other cells

00:05:45.660 | are actually made up of or include certain fatty acid,

00:05:49.120 | long chain fatty acids.

00:05:50.440 | And the omega-3 fatty acids are important

00:05:52.520 | for the actual construction of those tissues,

00:05:55.160 | as well as having anti-inflammatory effects

00:05:57.760 | through things like limiting prostaglandins

00:05:59.720 | and other things that can cause inflammation.

00:06:01.560 | Okay, so there are a bunch of different ways

00:06:02.820 | that omega-3 fatty acids can be useful.

00:06:05.260 | They refer in this study to an earlier study

00:06:08.240 | that looked at the so-called analgesic effect,

00:06:10.200 | the pain relieving effect.

00:06:11.520 | Analgesic means pain relieving effect

00:06:13.560 | of omega-3 fatty acids

00:06:15.760 | in what had been a randomized control trial.

00:06:18.980 | And in that previous paper,

00:06:20.480 | what they found was that diets high in omega-3s

00:06:24.140 | and low in omega-6s.

00:06:25.720 | Okay, so high three, low six.

00:06:28.320 | And as compared to diets that were just reduced omega-6s,

00:06:33.320 | they found a greater analgesic effect

00:06:35.620 | of increasing omega-3s

00:06:37.000 | while also reducing omega-6 fatty acids.

00:06:39.280 | So in the context of the seed oil discussion,

00:06:41.640 | although keeping in mind that omega-6s

00:06:43.160 | can come from other sources as well,

00:06:45.200 | if omega-6s were just reduced on their own,

00:06:47.780 | there wasn't as great an effect

00:06:50.280 | in terms of reducing pain and inflammation

00:06:52.280 | as there was when omega-3 fatty acids

00:06:55.040 | were deliberately increased

00:06:56.240 | and omega-6 fatty acids were reduced.

00:06:58.600 | Again, in all of these studies,

00:07:01.120 | because these are the ones

00:07:02.080 | in which they controlled things well, as we say,

00:07:05.720 | they are holding constant the caloric intake.

00:07:08.480 | So it's not just that you're removing fat, eating less fat,

00:07:10.760 | there's actually a removal of certain fats and fatty acids

00:07:13.720 | and a replacement of those with omega-3 fatty acids.

00:07:16.720 | In one case, in the other case,

00:07:18.040 | it's just a reduction in omega-6s

00:07:20.240 | and you're using other food types and macronutrients

00:07:22.700 | to offset that reduction in calories

00:07:25.100 | caused by reducing omega-6s.

00:07:26.920 | The basic takeaway that they're relying on

00:07:29.120 | marching into the study

00:07:30.120 | is that increasing omega-3s and reducing omega-6s

00:07:33.540 | seems to be beneficial for reducing pain.

00:07:35.520 | And indeed, in this study,

00:07:36.960 | they find something quite similar,

00:07:38.800 | which is that when you hold caloric intake constant

00:07:42.280 | and when you look at omega-6s,

00:07:44.600 | whether or not you decrease omega-6 fatty acids or not,

00:07:47.760 | you find is that increasing omega-3 fatty acids in the diet,

00:07:52.760 | so either consumed through food sources

00:07:55.240 | or by supplementation,

00:07:56.620 | was associated with a lower prevalence

00:07:58.460 | of severe headache or migraine.

00:08:00.360 | So severe tension type headache or migraine.

00:08:03.220 | So this is promising and points to the fact

00:08:05.440 | that long-chain omega-3 fatty acids

00:08:07.720 | are likely to have either a pain-reducing,

00:08:10.980 | and there's evidence for that,

00:08:12.520 | and/or an inflammation-reducing effect

00:08:15.520 | that can significantly reduce the severity of headache

00:08:18.660 | in both tension type headache and in migraine.

00:08:21.160 | So that's the first study.

00:08:22.440 | The second study is a more recent study,

00:08:25.120 | it was published in 2021,

00:08:26.920 | that used a, I would say,

00:08:28.840 | a more or less similar type of overall design

00:08:31.540 | as the one I referred to earlier.

00:08:33.360 | The title of this paper is

00:08:34.480 | "Dietary Alteration of," what they call N3,

00:08:37.520 | but those are omega-3 and N6, omega-6,

00:08:40.120 | sorry for the shift in nomenclature,

00:08:41.720 | I didn't write the paper,

00:08:43.280 | "Dietary Alteration of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids

00:08:48.280 | for Headache Reductions in Adults with Migraine."

00:08:50.440 | And this was a randomized control trial.

00:08:52.940 | Randomized control trials involve

00:08:54.280 | having people be in one condition,

00:08:56.040 | where they do one thing,

00:08:56.920 | and then they get swapped randomly into another condition.

00:08:59.880 | So they serve as their own internal control,

00:09:02.040 | and that controls for all sorts of things

00:09:04.040 | like differences in sex, differences in age,

00:09:07.120 | differences in health background,

00:09:08.820 | and any number of other variables as best as one can.

00:09:12.280 | In this study, they had people either ingest a diet

00:09:15.460 | that had increased omega-3s, so increased EPA and DHA,

00:09:20.460 | or increased EPA and DHA

00:09:24.760 | and reduced amounts of linoleic acid, okay?

00:09:27.680 | So that's going to reduce omega-6s.

00:09:30.540 | Or a control diet in which they had people taking,

00:09:34.560 | well, it's essentially the average intake of omega-3s

00:09:37.240 | and omega-6s.

00:09:38.360 | And you can probably already guess

00:09:39.800 | what the general results of this study are going to be.

00:09:42.360 | The general results were

00:09:43.680 | that there were reductions in headaches, okay?

00:09:46.260 | The really cool thing is,

00:09:47.520 | is it was a massive reduction in headache, okay?

00:09:50.520 | They refer to it as a robust reduction in headache,

00:09:53.600 | in particular for the subjects

00:09:55.680 | that increased their omega-3s

00:09:57.280 | and reduced the amount of linoleic acid that they took.

00:09:59.840 | The other thing that I really like about this study

00:10:01.880 | is that while they don't know

00:10:03.040 | the exact underlying mechanism for the effect,

00:10:05.800 | they did spend some time delineating what it is

00:10:10.000 | that the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

00:10:12.160 | are likely doing to either offset or exacerbate headache.

00:10:15.400 | Now, I didn't say that omega-6 fatty acids

00:10:17.440 | exacerbate headache,

00:10:18.840 | but it does seem that people who ingest more linoleic acid

00:10:21.800 | and omega-6 are experiencing more inflammation.

00:10:25.400 | And that is evident in a bunch of different conditions.

00:10:28.800 | One, for instance, is increases in things like CGRP.

00:10:32.120 | CGRP is a molecule

00:10:33.640 | that's associated with a calcium signaling pathway.

00:10:35.800 | It's involved in vasodilation,

00:10:37.600 | the expansion of the blood vessels and capillaries.

00:10:39.960 | And that's known, as I mentioned earlier,

00:10:42.960 | to exacerbate certain forms of headache, okay?

00:10:45.760 | There are also forms of headache

00:10:46.920 | that can be caused by vasoconstriction.

00:10:48.480 | We'll talk about one very dramatic example,

00:10:50.220 | perhaps, as we get toward the end.

00:10:51.940 | It's a very uncommon example,

00:10:53.520 | but it's called thunderclap headache.

00:10:56.440 | And trust me, you do not want a thunderclap headache.

00:10:58.840 | In any case, in this paper,

00:11:01.480 | they didn't study mechanism directly,

00:11:04.700 | but they're resting on this known analgesic, anti-pain,

00:11:08.560 | as well as known anti-inflammatory pathways

00:11:10.880 | related to increasing omega-3 intake,

00:11:12.960 | and simultaneously resting on the idea,

00:11:16.120 | or I think we now can say conclusion,

00:11:19.160 | that omega-6 fatty acids, in particular linoleic acid,

00:11:23.640 | can increase inflammation

00:11:25.480 | by way of increasing things like CGRP, vasodilation,

00:11:28.920 | and some other pathways

00:11:30.840 | related to the so-called inflammatory cytokine pathways.

00:11:34.120 | And there's a whole discussion nowadays

00:11:36.000 | of what's called the inflammatome.

00:11:37.600 | So the basic takeaway is that

00:11:39.880 | if you are interested in reducing headache,

00:11:42.400 | it may be beneficial,

00:11:43.760 | at least according to these two studies,

00:11:45.400 | and another one I'll talk about in a moment,

00:11:47.240 | to increase amounts of omega-3 fatty acids.

00:11:49.880 | And that can be done, again,

00:11:50.700 | through the ingestion of foods.

00:11:52.640 | Although, based on the dosages

00:11:54.960 | that we'll talk about in a moment,

00:11:57.120 | increasing omega-3 fatty acids

00:11:58.640 | by taking liquid form fish oil,

00:12:00.280 | which is perhaps the most cost-effective way

00:12:02.840 | to supplement omega-3s,

00:12:04.480 | or capsules, which is perhaps the most efficient way

00:12:07.280 | to supplement omega-3s,

00:12:08.840 | will lead to a level of one gram or more of EPA per day.

00:12:13.240 | Again, that's the EPA form in particular.

00:12:15.880 | So if you're, for instance, taking supplemental fish oil,

00:12:18.520 | or you're getting your omega-3s from food,

00:12:20.240 | and you're getting what you determine to be 2,000 milligrams

00:12:24.740 | or two grams per day of omega-3s,

00:12:27.440 | keep in mind that's going to include EPA and DHA.

00:12:30.520 | And it does seem that getting above one gram per day

00:12:33.720 | of EPA omega-3 fatty acids,

00:12:35.880 | either through food or supplements or both,

00:12:38.400 | is going to be the critical threshold

00:12:40.320 | for reductions in the frequency and intensity of headaches

00:12:43.320 | that include both tension headaches and migraine headaches.

00:12:46.720 | Now, some people will find, actually,

00:12:48.400 | that ingesting far more omega-3 fatty acids,

00:12:52.040 | generally through supplementation, but again,

00:12:53.980 | can be accomplished through foods as well,

00:12:56.260 | can also be beneficial for other things such as mood.

00:12:59.360 | And indeed, there's a whole literature related

00:13:00.920 | to effects of ingesting one to three grams,

00:13:04.640 | again, three grams per day of EPA.

00:13:07.400 | So that's going to require quite a high intake of omega-3s

00:13:11.240 | in whatever form or supplement you decide

00:13:13.120 | to take those into your body.

00:13:14.800 | But that can improve mood and so forth.

00:13:17.160 | The basic range that I was able to find in the meta-analysis,

00:13:20.720 | so meta-analyses are where a researcher will look

00:13:23.680 | at the results of a bunch of different studies

00:13:25.280 | focused on the same thing,

00:13:26.760 | look at the different strength of those studies.

00:13:29.320 | They'll do all sorts of cool statistical gymnastics,

00:13:32.120 | like remove the most potent study,

00:13:34.320 | the one that had the greatest effect,

00:13:35.940 | and see whether or not there's still an effect

00:13:37.620 | of some treatment.

00:13:38.760 | Or for instance, they will swap in and out different studies

00:13:43.000 | and different combinations to see whether or not

00:13:44.920 | any one study is really leading to the conclusion

00:13:47.240 | that a given treatment does something.

00:13:48.920 | In any case, in the meta-analyses of omega-3 fatty acids

00:13:51.980 | for the treatment of headache,

00:13:52.880 | and that includes all the different kinds of headache,

00:13:55.560 | they found in exploring a huge range

00:13:58.600 | of omega-3 supplementation ranging from 200 milligrams

00:14:01.560 | all the way up to 2,000 milligrams per day,

00:14:03.880 | it really was at the one gram or higher dosage per day

00:14:08.540 | where the significant impact

00:14:10.180 | in reducing headache frequency and intensity was found.

00:14:13.120 | And just very briefly, earlier I mentioned

00:14:15.560 | that not only has omega-3 fatty acid supplementation

00:14:18.320 | been shown to be effective in reducing the frequency

00:14:20.920 | and intensity of headache in tension type

00:14:23.120 | and migraine type headache,

00:14:24.780 | but it's also been shown to improve outcomes

00:14:28.000 | for premenstrual syndrome related headaches.

00:14:30.780 | These are what we referred to earlier

00:14:32.520 | as hormone-based headaches.

00:14:34.200 | Again, the low estrogen, low progesterone

00:14:37.680 | associated with certain phases of the menstrual cycle

00:14:40.360 | as well as other phases of the menstrual cycle

00:14:42.280 | are often associated with headache.

00:14:43.800 | In a study entitled "Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

00:14:47.480 | on Premenstrual Syndrome, a Systematic Review

00:14:49.600 | and Again, Meta-Analysis," what they found,

00:14:52.280 | and here I'm paraphrasing the conclusion,

00:14:54.040 | was that omega-3 fatty acids could, yes,

00:14:57.520 | effectively reduce the severity of PMS symptoms.

00:15:01.260 | And one of the symptoms in particular that they found

00:15:03.720 | that was reduced was the pain-related symptoms

00:15:06.600 | associated with headache.

00:15:08.120 | And they actually had some very nice hypotheses

00:15:10.040 | as to why that likely would be.

00:15:13.040 | And in fact, point out that in earlier studies,

00:15:16.080 | omega-3 fatty acids have actually been considered

00:15:18.600 | as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in some cases.

00:15:22.440 | And indeed, there are prescription forms

00:15:24.820 | of omega-3 fatty acids.

00:15:26.460 | And I highlight that not because I think people need

00:15:28.200 | to run out and get the prescription form

00:15:30.080 | of omega-3 fatty acids.

00:15:31.280 | They're actually quite hard to obtain and quite expensive.

00:15:34.840 | But because I think oftentimes when we're talking

00:15:37.320 | about something like omega-3 fatty acids,

00:15:39.400 | the fact that they are available over the counter

00:15:42.400 | in a supplement or by liquid or available in food

00:15:45.120 | for that matter, leads many people to conclude that,

00:15:47.680 | oh, this is supplementation.

00:15:49.420 | This is something that it's going to have relatively weak

00:15:53.160 | or minor impact on things like headache

00:15:55.080 | or other health metrics.

00:15:56.440 | But let's just say that the fact that it exists

00:16:00.120 | as a prescription drug in its highest potency form,

00:16:03.360 | at least in my opinion, points to the potency

00:16:06.760 | of omega-3 fatty acids in dealing with analgesic effects,

00:16:11.400 | that is reducing pain and anti-inflammation,

00:16:13.840 | as well as some of the known cardiovascular improvements

00:16:16.440 | that are associated with increasing

00:16:18.000 | omega-3 fatty acid intake.

00:16:19.880 | Put simply, omega-3s are not just something

00:16:22.440 | that comes from food or supplements.

00:16:23.600 | They are also being marketed as prescription drugs.

00:16:25.920 | So I do think they need to be considered as quite potent.

00:16:28.580 | And at least as far as these papers that again,

00:16:31.240 | include meta-analyses of many other papers and data sets,

00:16:34.880 | indicate that supplementing with omega-3 fatty acids

00:16:38.600 | to a point where you're getting above one gram per day

00:16:41.880 | of EPA is not just going to be beneficial for treating

00:16:45.140 | and reducing the frequency and intensity

00:16:47.320 | of one particular type of headache,

00:16:49.220 | but many types of headaches.

00:16:51.060 | And when you combine hormonal headaches,

00:16:52.700 | tension headaches, and migraine headaches,

00:16:54.420 | you account for more than 70% of the total types

00:16:56.940 | of headaches that are out there.

00:16:58.620 | The effects of omega-3s on cluster headaches

00:17:00.700 | and some of the other types of headaches,

00:17:01.980 | at least to my knowledge, have not been evaluated.

00:17:04.820 | There's no reason to think that omega-3s

00:17:06.700 | would not be beneficial for those types of headaches.

00:17:09.500 | But at least as far as the data sets we talked about here

00:17:12.980 | are concerned, it is clear.

00:17:14.640 | Omega-3 fatty acids are going to be a very potent way

00:17:18.520 | to reduce pain and to reduce inflammation in ways

00:17:21.960 | that can reduce the frequency and the intensity

00:17:25.340 | of different kinds of headache.

00:17:27.420 | (upbeat music)

00:17:30.000 | (upbeat music)

00:17:32.580 | (upbeat music)

How Fish Oil & Omega-3s Can Help Reduce Headaches | Dr. Andrew Huberman

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