back to indexHow To Disconnect Without Annoying Your Friends And Family | Cal Newport

Chapters
0:0 The texting dilemma
5:10 Acute stress
10:16 Batch check messages
00:00:02.040 |
Most technology critics will say because social media apps are very addictive. 00:00:07.340 |
But there's another thing on those phones that keep pulling you back, and that is texting. 00:00:13.280 |
If you think that your family or your friends or your coworkers are waiting to hear back 00:00:18.080 |
from you on their latest message or emoji that they sent your way, you are going to 00:00:22.180 |
feel very compelled to pick that phone up again and again and again. 00:00:26.300 |
What I want to do here is play a clip for you from an episode that first aired over the 00:00:30.680 |
summer where I tackled what I called the texting dilemma. 00:00:35.440 |
And what I'm going to do in this clip is I'm going to break down exactly why social expectations 00:00:39.860 |
around messaging makes us feel like we have to use our phone. 00:00:43.080 |
And then I'm going to give you a bunch of strategies for how you can begin to increasingly 00:00:47.380 |
disconnect from your device without alienating the people you know. 00:00:52.620 |
I think this is really critical tips if you want to be less on your phone. 00:01:01.320 |
Today, I want to talk about a topic that we often overlook when we discuss building a 00:01:05.720 |
healthier relationship with our phones, and that is messaging. 00:01:09.580 |
I'm talking texting and iMessage and WhatsApp. 00:01:13.000 |
We tend to worry more about flashy apps like TikTok and Instagram into which we know that 00:01:18.760 |
billions of dollars have been invested to try to keep us coming back to them again and 00:01:23.280 |
And by contrast, when we think about messaging, we tend to think of that as sort of simple 00:01:29.400 |
It's, you know, getting a note from your kid that they need to be picked up from soccer. 00:01:33.260 |
It's something that we were doing before smartphones existed. 00:01:42.320 |
But what if it's not actually something we can ignore? 00:01:46.160 |
What if instead of being at the periphery of our issues with smartphone addiction, it is 00:01:50.120 |
actually at our core, and we just haven't realized it, sort of like the digital version of Kevin 00:01:58.720 |
What I'm trying to say here is maybe texting was Kaiser Soze all along. 00:02:03.200 |
So these are the claims I want to investigate in today's deep dive. 00:02:10.700 |
So act one, I am calling the problem hiding in plain sight. 00:02:18.020 |
Jesse, I don't know if we can put this up on the screen here. 00:02:20.160 |
It was published in the journal Computers and Human Behavior and was written by a group of 00:02:28.840 |
So there it is for those who are watching instead of just listening. 00:02:31.240 |
As you can see, the title of this paper is sort of innocuous. 00:02:35.180 |
It's called Modeling Habitual and Addictive Smartphone Behavior, The Role of Smartphone 00:02:40.000 |
Usage Types, Emotional Intelligence, Social Stress, Self-Regulation, Age, and Gender. 00:02:44.500 |
It featured a pretty straightforward experimental design. 00:02:50.400 |
But what's interesting is what they found in these surveys. 00:02:53.800 |
And it's going to set up our whole discussion of texting as this sort of hidden driver for 00:03:00.920 |
I'm going to read you three quotes from this study. 00:03:03.020 |
Quote number one, people who extensively use their smartphones for social purposes develop 00:03:10.380 |
smartphone habits faster, which in turn might lead to addictive smartphone behavior. 00:03:14.800 |
Quote two, social stress positively influences addictive smartphone behavior. 00:03:21.740 |
Quote three, men experience less social stress than women and use their smartphones less for social 00:03:28.740 |
The result is that women have a higher chance in developing habitual or addictive smartphone 00:03:35.340 |
Those three claims, they might be stated sort of simply, but really have in them some really 00:03:42.160 |
big ideas that I want to highlight for you right now. 00:03:44.500 |
Here's the first idea we need to pull from those three quotes. 00:03:46.460 |
They're arguing that a big driver of phone use is not just the addictive nature of what 00:03:53.420 |
you're using on the phone, but social stress, right? 00:03:58.680 |
If you dive deeper in this paper, we are wired to be wary of ignoring or disrespecting other people 00:04:06.380 |
If we go back to our Paleolithic path in which the social circuits in our brains actually 00:04:11.440 |
wired, if someone in our tribe is tapping us on the shoulder, you better turn around and 00:04:17.880 |
To ignore your tribe members, to hurt your pair wires or what they would call dyadic social 00:04:22.360 |
bonds between your tribe members puts you in danger of not being supported by your tribe 00:04:39.700 |
This means when we imagine in the modern context, messages arriving, a text message, an iMessage, 00:04:46.500 |
a WhatsApp message from people in our social circles, our Paleolithic brain says someone is tapping 00:04:57.620 |
And if we're not, when our brain imagines that communication from our tribe is building up and 00:05:03.900 |
we're ignoring it and that this ignoring of it might be creating friction, what's the result? 00:05:10.140 |
And that is an acute type of stress because we're so social. 00:05:13.840 |
It's not a very comfortable type of stress to feel. 00:05:17.960 |
All right, so idea number two, once you start checking your phone a lot because you worry 00:05:23.620 |
about social stress, you get in the habit of using your phone for other things. 00:05:29.540 |
This is a huge concept that comes out of this paper that it might be the social stress that 00:05:35.320 |
And now you get in the habit of looking at your phone a lot. 00:05:38.260 |
This is what then allows those flashy apps with billions of dollars invested to make 00:05:44.980 |
This is what allows them to then get their hooks in your brain and become a big part of your 00:05:49.760 |
In other words, TikTok and Instagram and these type of apps are in some sense potentially 00:05:54.680 |
monetizing your instinct to be loyal to your friends. 00:06:00.160 |
So for some people, the social stress from texting is what drives you to your phone. 00:06:05.780 |
And only once you're there, do these other apps then become a part of your routine. 00:06:09.380 |
And you end up with a more generalized feeling of smartphone addiction. 00:06:12.700 |
That's backwards to the way that most people think about it, which is texting is not that 00:06:22.120 |
The third big idea I want to point out from those quotes is that women are more susceptible 00:06:31.060 |
This is because of just well-known differences in personality type and wiring. 00:06:34.860 |
So they end up more likely to face smartphone addiction. 00:06:39.240 |
In other words, there's a sort of unfair technology penalty here for being more socially conscientious. 00:06:46.180 |
Men are more likely to be a little bit more loner, be a little bit more antisocial. 00:06:49.740 |
It makes us a little less prone to phone addiction. 00:06:54.640 |
So I think this is important because often if it's men talking about this issue, 00:06:58.100 |
we don't realize that the relationship women might have to this issue could be different, 00:07:03.680 |
that we might not feel the same level of social stress around texting that then causes these 00:07:08.840 |
And advice for improving your behavior with your phone that ignores those realities is not 00:07:18.320 |
Let's go to act two here, diffusing the social stress trap. 00:07:23.120 |
Now, I call this the social stress trap, the situation I just described, because we have 00:07:27.440 |
sort of these two things that are in contradicting contrast to each other, right? 00:07:33.240 |
So on the one hand, it's hard for us to address or reduce other habitual behaviors that we don't 00:07:40.260 |
like on our phone, sort of like the addictive use of our phone, if we feel social stress about 00:07:44.960 |
messages that we're ignoring, but it's hard to avoid feeling social stress about messages 00:07:51.000 |
we're ignoring unless we become significantly less social, but that could make us feel just 00:07:55.560 |
So either we have to feel bad about using our phone too much because social stress drives 00:08:00.980 |
us there, or we have to eliminate social stress, but then we're lonely and we feel bad 00:08:05.040 |
So it feels like a trap, like there's no way out of it. 00:08:07.780 |
I want to talk about some concrete ways to escape it. 00:08:11.180 |
Basically, we need to find a way to rewire the social brain so that long stretches away 00:08:16.280 |
from messaging apps does not create that sense of really distressing social stress. 00:08:21.200 |
As you will see, this is going to be just as much about rewiring your brain as it is rewiring 00:08:32.080 |
The concrete thing you're going to do first to try to work on this social stress trap 00:08:37.460 |
is break what I call the constant companion model of phone use. 00:08:41.660 |
This is an idea I first introduced in a New York Times op-ed from five or six years ago. 00:08:45.840 |
The constant companion model of phone use, as the name implies, is that you have your phone 00:08:57.400 |
If I'm at work, it's right next to me on my desk. 00:09:00.080 |
If I'm in bed, it's right next to me on my bed. 00:09:03.320 |
When it is your constant companion, it is very difficult to get away from habitual phone usage. 00:09:09.940 |
So what we want to do is try to break that constant companion model. 00:09:13.100 |
So let's talk about how to do that first, and then second, talk about how to deal with the 00:09:20.860 |
And what I mean by that is in the primary locations where you operate and have a phone with you, 00:09:26.480 |
you find a different location for the phone where you plug it in. 00:09:29.060 |
So when you're at home, it's like in your kitchen or your foyer, you have it plugged in in that 00:09:32.980 |
When you're in your office, you have it on like a bookshelf or a chair across the room 00:09:40.160 |
When you're at the gym, you keep it in your gym locker, which means, and I know this is going 00:09:50.520 |
You're going to have to bring a paper notebook with you to keep track of what you're doing, 00:09:54.660 |
and you're going to have to have a simple music player if you want to listen to music, 00:09:59.180 |
You can't just sit there and stare at your phone in between sets. 00:10:03.400 |
So that's the physical thing to do, get some physical separation between you and your phone. 00:10:10.420 |
Well, now what you're going to do is batch check your messaging apps on a semi-regular basis. 00:10:15.820 |
You should let probably at least an hour go by between checks. 00:10:20.040 |
At the top of the hour, at lunch, I'm going to go check and catch up on my messages, my text 00:10:26.120 |
Now, when you do this, be ready for it to maybe take more time, right? 00:10:35.080 |
If you are social, you might have a lot of messages. 00:10:37.940 |
You might not realize like how much you're tending to these conversations throughout everything 00:10:42.160 |
So when you batch this more, it might take you more than a few minutes. 00:10:45.840 |
Oh, I have a lot of messages I have to catch up on here. 00:10:48.360 |
This is going to take me, this is going to take me some time. 00:10:52.460 |
How do we then deal with the social stress situation? 00:10:57.720 |
Here, I think the idea is to manage expectations and emergencies. 00:11:04.220 |
So based on experience, first of all, you do not want to explain to people in advance. 00:11:12.560 |
Oh, I'm checking my phone less often and here's why and I want to tell you and I want 00:11:20.020 |
Some people don't know they care until you preemptively apologize and then they start 00:11:24.540 |
There's no reason to sort of waste people's time with that. 00:11:30.060 |
People don't really care what your texting strategy is as much as you think they do. 00:11:33.940 |
Only explain what you're doing if people complain. 00:11:37.740 |
So if someone is texting you, hey, where are you? 00:11:42.000 |
That's when you say, hey, you know, I've been having trouble with my phone use, so I'm 00:11:46.100 |
trying a new thing where I keep my phone across the room for big swaths of the day. 00:11:50.180 |
So I'm not always seeing texts anymore as they come in. 00:11:53.020 |
Over time, people's expectations will change. 00:11:56.800 |
If they hear that enough times from you, the small fraction of people in your circle who 00:12:00.600 |
care will adjust internally their expectations. 00:12:03.980 |
Oh, this is someone who doesn't necessarily see text right away, so I'm not going to text 00:12:12.040 |
There's lots of people who are in this situation, and people are completely possible. 00:12:15.900 |
It's very easy for people to refile in their head your availability. 00:12:20.480 |
Like I think about, like, my youngest sister is an ER doctor. 00:12:24.580 |
We just know when she's on shift, she's not going to be answering her text messages. 00:12:29.160 |
It's easy for us to adjust our expectations over time, and now we just know that. 00:12:36.140 |
The other thing you're going to have to do here is get better at batch responses. 00:12:41.060 |
So when you're responding to a lot of text messages at once, because you're only checking 00:12:46.740 |
every hour or so, you can't respond to these text messages in a way that just bounces the 00:12:51.520 |
ping pong back to their side of the proverbial conversational net, and they're going to have 00:12:54.960 |
to bounce it back to you, and you're going to have to go back and forth. 00:12:57.080 |
If you're not going to be on your phone all the time, you have to be much more definitive. 00:13:01.760 |
You have to find a way to answer a text with enough detail and options and plans that it's 00:13:05.940 |
okay that you might not see their response to that for another hour or two. 00:13:08.940 |
So instead of just being like, yeah, they say, do you want to grab dinner before the movie? 00:13:15.980 |
Instead of responding, yeah, what are you thinking? 00:13:18.480 |
Which is not going to work because you're not going to see the response to that. 00:13:22.400 |
You might be like, yeah, we should definitely do that. 00:13:24.180 |
Let's plan to meet like roughly at this time. 00:13:26.840 |
I might not see my text again for a little bit. 00:13:30.180 |
So here's my, here's a couple of suggestions. 00:13:32.740 |
You choose, or we'll figure it out when we meet, let's just meet at this location at this 00:13:39.300 |
And then when we meet, we can figure out the dinner. 00:13:41.380 |
Like you do a little bit more time to transform back and forth into more just like, here's a 00:13:47.140 |
And now we can take this conversation out of the text thread. 00:13:50.420 |
So I said, you have to manage expectations and emergencies. 00:13:54.740 |
Well, there's certain things that are time sensitive and emergency is one of them. 00:13:58.160 |
You know, what if someone needs to reach you, not when you next check your phone for text 00:14:03.160 |
messages 20, an hour from now, but they need to reach it right now. 00:14:06.960 |
Or what if there is some sort of logistical thing going on, right? 00:14:10.320 |
I need to hear from my kid when practice is over. 00:14:18.560 |
They're just going to text me when it's over, right? 00:14:22.620 |
This is often the thing that prevents people from batching or changing their texting or messaging 00:14:27.620 |
behavior as they worry about logistics, time sensitive logistics or emergencies. 00:14:30.900 |
Don't let the existence of these force you back completely into a constant companion model. 00:14:37.020 |
There's a couple of things here you should do instead. 00:14:40.060 |
For example, set up a custom do not disturb mode that allows text from a certain number of 00:14:51.980 |
If your kid's at sports practice, you can have a do not disturb mode in iOS that allows 00:14:59.080 |
Now, they're not going to be texting you a bunch of stuff because they're at practice, 00:15:01.720 |
but their text will come through when practice is over. 00:15:05.720 |
So then you can have your phone's ringer on, still across the room, but you'll hear a text 00:15:14.280 |
And it's like the only text sound you'll hear because everyone else, it's in a do not disturb 00:15:21.340 |
Tell people, "If there's an emergency, call me." And that really works. 00:15:26.860 |
In my book, "A World Without Email," I call those an escape valve strategy. 00:15:32.380 |
If people know there's a way in an emergency they can get in touch with you, you know, it's 00:15:36.900 |
high friction, they wouldn't normally do it, but they'll call you if there's an emergency, 00:15:42.000 |
Because you say, "I'm not taking something off the table." If there truly is an emergency, 00:15:46.480 |
if my parent has an accident and is going to the hospital, people can call. 00:15:50.900 |
Most people don't call me normally, but they can call on my ringer on. And I'll be able to 00:15:55.420 |
hear a call. And so I don't have to worry about emergencies. So if you're a little bit 00:16:00.420 |
careful, you can have something in place for emergencies and logistics that doesn't just 00:16:04.740 |
let you go back to like, "I better just have my phone with me all the time, engage in conversations 00:16:09.580 |
with anyone that I see." All right, so my argument is, if you manage expectations 00:16:15.900 |
at emergencies, breaking the constant companion model of your phone is going to be, long-term, 00:16:23.980 |
is going to reduce the social stress you feel to check it. As you get a sense of emergencies 00:16:29.900 |
are handled, people's expectations have shifted over a period of a couple months, they understand 00:16:35.100 |
it now, and I'm getting better at texting back to people so we don't need back and forth. 00:16:39.740 |
Your social stress will die down. It will be pretty easy not to have to check the phone 00:16:45.100 |
often for text. When you don't have to check it for that, it's much easier to deal with all the 00:16:49.420 |
other habitual uses as well. So all of these things are tied together. All right, the third 00:16:54.300 |
act of this discussion, there is a couple of nuances I want to mention. In fact, I have three 00:16:58.220 |
in particular I want to mention because there is some care that is needed when dealing with these 00:17:03.100 |
issues with messaging. Nuance number one, people worry, if I'm less available like this, does this 00:17:10.060 |
make me a worse friend or a worse sibling or a worse child? Is it because this ongoing back and forth 00:17:15.740 |
digital conversation can feel like connection? I'm in these constant conversations with people I know 00:17:22.540 |
on text messages, doesn't that mean we're really connected? Our brain, however, doesn't really think 00:17:28.380 |
so. We don't know what digital text-based communication is. We don't recognize that as 00:17:35.180 |
social. It's not really strengthening your connection. It's just on paper you feel like 00:17:41.340 |
maybe this makes me social. So the solution here is with the people you really care about, 00:17:46.540 |
couple this shift away from constant companion texting with reinvesting new time into in-person 00:17:54.220 |
analog interaction with that person. Yeah, I don't text all day anymore, but we should start going on 00:17:58.940 |
a hike every Wednesday morning. We should have a phone call. I'm going to call you for my commute twice 00:18:03.500 |
a week. We should just check in, right? You have a more analog way of communicating and you emphasize 00:18:09.980 |
that. So it's like a trade-off. I'm trading off this social snacking sort of lightweight connection 00:18:14.460 |
for something that's more meaningful. I'm actually going to feel more connected to people. And if you 00:18:18.620 |
do that at the same time that you cut back to constant companion model that has you on your phone 00:18:22.140 |
all the time, that'll make a difference, right? Nuance number two. What about extenuating circumstances? 00:18:29.180 |
Something's going on where you have to be on your phone, right? There's your parent is going to the 00:18:34.300 |
hospital. Your siblings are on this text thread. One is there. You're trying to handle logistics and like 00:18:38.300 |
it needs to happen over text. What do you do in that situation? You get on your phone. Yeah, 00:18:43.580 |
there'll be extenuating circumstances. That's okay. We're just trying to change like your normal 00:18:47.580 |
relationship with your phone, your average case. Go easy on yourself. The key thing here is changing 00:18:55.100 |
your relationship to this messaging. It's not like the alcoholic abstaining from alcohol, whereas you 00:19:02.220 |
really can't go back to this at all. You don't know what's going to happen. It's not like that. If you need to 00:19:06.780 |
be on your phone for an afternoon texting because of something that's going down, that's not going to 00:19:12.060 |
necessarily make you back into a constant companion texter. You can just go back when you're able to 00:19:18.300 |
to your default. All right, nuance number three. If you're a parent, this is not just about you. It's also about 00:19:26.060 |
what your kids see. This is the problem with the constant companion model of the phone driven by 00:19:34.540 |
texting. As you know, as the parent, what I'm doing on this phone is actually somewhat noble. I'm making 00:19:40.860 |
logistics for the upcoming carpool. I'm checking in with friends. Like this is all good stuff. I'm not on 00:19:46.540 |
TikTok. I'm not doing the stuff I don't want my kid doing on the phone. This is like meaningful, 00:19:51.740 |
good old-fashioned, like adult communication. Your kids don't know that. They just see you're looking 00:19:55.100 |
at your phone all the time. And now you're normalizing to them, regardless of what they say, see what they 00:20:01.260 |
do. A phone is something to be using all the time. It's something very desirable. Look at all the 00:20:05.260 |
attention it gets from my parent. So when you break the constant companion model and stop doing 00:20:11.900 |
communication all the time on your phone, your kids will see that you're not on your phone all the 00:20:16.220 |
time. It will be modeling to them that the phone is a thing you go and use where it's plugged in when you 00:20:20.380 |
need it, but it is not a companion that's with you all the time. So this is not just about you. 00:20:26.620 |
All right. So when it comes to our ongoing efforts to reform our relationships with our phone, this 00:20:31.500 |
might be one of the trickiest and most overlooked areas. Messaging is a huge driver of habitual and 00:20:39.260 |
unhealthy phone use. And it is so hard to shake because social stress is something we hate. But we can get 00:20:47.020 |
around that if you understand what's going on, you can find ways to change your relationship to messaging 00:20:52.540 |
that will over time change the expectations of the people you know. You can get away from constant 00:20:57.100 |
companion checking without having to feel social stress. And if you do this, it really will, this is 00:21:03.820 |
a classic digital minimalism move, will really improve your relationship with your phone. Not everyone has 00:21:08.060 |
this issue, but a lot of people do. And I think it's often ignored. So I was happy to have an excuse to 00:21:13.580 |
talk about it. Now, the irony of this, of course, is this entire time that I was talking, Jesse's just 00:21:19.340 |
been like texting me and name things. So Jesse, I don't think you understood. I think you understood the point of this. 00:21:25.180 |
I think it evolves. Yeah. Um, one thing that happens, like say you're, you're doing the batching method 00:21:30.940 |
and you said, all right, in your working memory file, like text so-and-so, and then you go to text 00:21:36.540 |
so-and-so, and then you see like three other texts. Is there a way that you know of, of, I mean, sometimes 00:21:41.980 |
I go into the contacts, but I rarely do this, like where you pull up the contact and just text them 00:21:45.660 |
as a, so you can't see other people's texts. If you're, I mean, maybe. Yeah. Maybe like batching, 00:21:52.540 |
it doesn't really matter, I guess. But if you're batching, it doesn't really matter. Like the 00:21:55.160 |
point is you're like, I am waiting, I'm waiting into a lot of stuff right now and I'm going to try 00:22:00.600 |
to find my way to the other side. But I'll tell you what though, here's the advantage of waiting 00:22:04.120 |
is a lot of stuff gets worked out before you get there. Like if I had answered this initial text 00:22:09.080 |
on this text group, uh, I would have been in the mix of it, but because I waited an hour, 00:22:13.800 |
like they kind of figured it out. And so it, it actually, a lot of the stuff you might not have to 00:22:19.000 |
actually answer and other stuff you might just say, I'm just not going to answer it. That's another 00:22:22.280 |
expectation thing is on your group threads. Like don't always answer. And it just changes the 00:22:28.680 |
expectation. You chime in when you, when you can, but you don't chime in all the time. And that takes 00:22:32.120 |
a lot of social stress off the, off the table as well. And then for other like non-group texts or 00:22:37.480 |
whatever, do you delete texts or just keep a long thread history of texts? 00:22:41.720 |
I guess I just keep a thread history. I mean, I'm bad at my phone. Um, 00:22:46.680 |
I don't know how to delete a text. I'm going to say no. Got it. Probably not. Yeah. I mean, 00:22:51.880 |
there's a lot of like more complicated things you can do, but I'm like, eh, 00:22:54.280 |
just check it less and manage expectations and it works itself out. Hey, if you like this video, 00:23:01.240 |
I think you'll really like this one as well. Check it out.