The coronavirus pandemic is a global crisis, but I think it's also a moment that unites us, that gives us an opportunity to show the strength of our community, to be compassionate to our fellow human beings, and to work hard to fight this thing. And I think we will, and I think we'll beat it.

So I wanted to make a video about, in my view, seven different levels at which the coronavirus is attacking the fundamental nature of our society, and how we can fight back, and how we can emerge stronger together. The seven levels of attack are biological, medical, level number one, that attacks the individual human life and death, and the biology, the wellbeing, the health of an individual human being.

Psychological, which is attacking the emotional stability, the fear, and the ability to love and be compassionate towards our fellow human beings in the individual psychology of a person. Level number three is social, which is attacking the collective cognition, the collective intelligence of our species, instilling panic, the spread of misinformation, the spread of conspiracies.

Level number four is economic, attacking the financial stability of our global markets, the employment of individuals, productivity, and generally the financial burden, especially the imbalance of the financial burden carried by individuals. Level number five is political, exacerbating the partisanship, and the ability to make effective policy and respond to the virus at the federal, at the global scale.

Level number six is existential, which is taking perhaps a step back from the concerns of the current natural pandemic, and looking at civilization level extinction, looking at existential threats that may be among us today, and may be posed to us in this coming century, from artificial intelligence, to nanotechnology, to engineered pandemics and other concerns.

And level seven is really taking a step back and looking at the philosophical. The test the virus presents to us, to consider the fundamental fabric of the human condition at the individual level and the societal level. What are we supposed to be together? How are we supposed to live?

What is the meaning of it all? And what is the best path forward for us as a society in the coming decades, in the coming centuries? The meaning of life, as silly perhaps, and unanswerable the question is, is also perhaps the most important question of all. And if there's ever a time to consider, to ponder, to try to answer that question, it is now.

It's an opportunity that the virus presents. So if you allow me, I'd like to talk to the seven different levels of attack from coronavirus in a video that's a little bit different, perhaps than some of the videos out there, and certainly from the videos that I'm used to making.

I've been doing a lot of data aggregation and analysis, a lot of simulation for forecasting purposes, even simulation for revealing the mathematical patterns in the spread of a pandemic. There's a lot of interesting ideas there that I hope to explore either privately or publicly through the video format, or blogs, or even papers.

But this video is higher level. It's thinking of the big picture of this virus. So if you allow me, I'd like to talk about three things for each of the levels. One is the pain we're likely to feel. Two is the challenge for us to overcome. And three is the hope, the silver lining, the light at the end of the tunnel.

It's really important to mention that if there's any errors or expansions possible on something I say in this video, please let me know. I will add corrections and expansions into the description. So please also read the description to this video. The burden I carry with making a video like this and future videos on the coronavirus is mistakes here could cost lives.

So I'm very cognizant of that. I'm very careful. Please read the description and please let me know if there's any errors in the data or just even the wording of the things I say. So looking at level one first, at the biological and the medical, the direct attack of the virus on the human body.

It's very difficult to make projections about the number of cases that we're likely to observe, at least in the first wave, and the number of deaths that we're likely to observe. Many people, including myself, are carefully looking at the data, aggregating it, analyzing it, but it's still not a good time to make a good projection.

It is perhaps a good hopeful message to consider the best case scenario. If the government's response swiftly, if we all do our part, if the hospital resources don't become overwhelmed, it's possible that the level of deaths that we observe is at or below the levels of annual influenza deaths, which is still a tragic, a tragic number.

Now, if the response is not swift from governments and individuals doing our part, then the worst case number of deaths could count in the millions. Still too difficult to tell, but this virus from everything we see on the biological side is much more dangerous than the influenza virus, than the flu.

So this level is one that there's already been a lot of great information on, blogs, papers, videos, the CDC. You should make sure you're paying attention, but the message is clear. For individuals, you should stay home, social isolation, social distancing, wash hands, don't get infected, and don't infect others.

For the medical infrastructure, the people really fighting, really heroes fighting on the front lines are the healthcare workers and the service workers, making sure our society still runs, making sure people who are sick are getting help. The thing that I've seen is I understand that works really well is the testing quickly, testing early, and treating when treatment is needed.

And also for people who are sick, tracing to see who are the other individuals they interacted with, so they can be properly socially isolated. Of course, on the science side, a lot of brilliant people are working on a treatment, on antiviral drugs, on vaccines, and on the engineering, manufacture, logistics side, people are working to manufacture ventilators, test kit, protective equipment like masks.

This is a huge global effort. Now, the hope is we, in this immediate response, we flatten the curve, we don't overwhelm healthcare resources, and we minimize the loss of life. One of the most difficult things here is for doctors to make life and death decisions. I would like to recommend a book called "Mountains Beyond Mountains" by Tracy Kidder, which tells the story of Paul Farmer.

It's the first time I realized, and it might be cliche to say, but it really is true that doctors, nurses, and healthcare workers are heroes. And that book was the first time I realized that many of the decisions we make are beyond reason. They're some of the most complicated ethical decisions you have to make.

You have to listen to your heart, and those are the decisions, deeply human decisions that doctors have to make. And at this biological, this medical level of life, of human life and human death, doctors are really, and nurses and health workers, are really at the front lines of making those most difficult decisions.

That is such an important fight. They truly are heroes. I recommend the book highly to highlight the burden that these folks have to carry. Now, the hope is, if the response is swift, and we all do our part, that this turns out to be as close to the best case as possible.

And then it serves as a dress rehearsal for a much worse pandemic that could cost a lot more, both economic impact and the loss of human life. And that means we can now look into the future and invest in science, invest in the healthcare infrastructure, such that future responses can be much more swift, and we're much more prepared for something catastrophic, truly catastrophic.

And finally, the hope is that we can discuss the role of technology in all of this in the years to come. Information truly is power in controlling the spread of a pandemic, but information, data, is something that requires that we strike a balance between privacy and health. And that requires a discussion about who controls, who manages, who regulates the technology in terms of how privacy is preserved.

The second level of which the virus is attacking our society is the individual human emotion. Fear is real. Fear of losing your job, fear of losing your health or the health of the loved ones, fear of losing basic resources like water and food and power. And there also could just be fundamentally a fear of uncertainty, which can lead to tensions within the family and within the small inner social circle.

Now, the key there is to stay calm. It's so important for reason to override emotion, especially in decision-making. So stay calm, stay informed. This might be difficult to say, but this is also a good time to reevaluate your life journey, to ask the question, am I living my dream?

Am I living my passion? This is a good time as any for a personal revolution to start over, to do the thing you've always wanted to do, to start writing, to start reading, to learn, take an online class, to pivot in your own personal journey. If you're a business owner, to pivot the structure of your business, the thing it's doing, the underlying ideas behind the business, the scale of the business, rethink everything.

This is a good time for a personal revolution. Now, this can be extremely painful, especially for people living paycheck to paycheck who have to support a family. But this is the time. If there's ever a time, this is the time to do it, to rethink what are the coming days, weeks, and months look like?

How can you change your life so you can truly live your dream, your passion, and provide for your family, provide for yourself, provide for your family, and be the best person you can be? This is the time for that personal revolution. Again, it might be very painful, but this is the time for it.

My hope at this level, at the psychological level of the individual, is that we use this opportunity to reevaluate our lives, to take a leap forward in something you've always wanted to do. And in general, my hope is that we overcome fear, the natural fear of uncertainty, and lean in, lean into love, compassion for our fellow human beings.

Resist the desire to be afraid. Lean in to being compassionate towards others. Level three is social. Social distancing, really should be called physical distancing, that we're all practicing, has led us to lean in to rely on social media for connection, for basic human connection, and for information. So it has served as a gradual replacement of our own individual thinking, which is much easier to practice in the physical world, and more reliance on the kind of collective cognition, the hive mind that's represented by social networks.

And what that results is, is a magnification of level two attack of the virus, on the fear and panic that can spread, like contagion on social networks. So social networks are much more effective at spreading an individual human emotion, such that it becomes a mass human emotion of our collective cognition, of our collective mind.

And again, that also applies to not just fear and emotion, it applies to misinformation, non-scientific, anti-scientific information, and of course, conspiracy theories. So that's another level at which the virus attacks our society, and due to the efficiency of social media, it's perhaps one of the most novel aspects of this pandemic.

Now, the challenge for us at the individual human level is self-reflection meditation, detach yourself. Yuval Harari in "21 Lessons for the 21st Century" talks about this in the last chapter for meditation, is to detach ourselves from this hive mind, to think on ourselves, to do the self-reflection, to hear our own inner voice, inner thoughts, not allow the wave of information, of panic that can travel through social media to impact us fully.

It should be something we can simply observe as opposed to deeply internalize. Again, the really important thing here is looking, finding, digging for facts. That means looking at source information, source scientific information, as opposed to derived opinion pieces on that information. And most importantly, think critically on your own.

Just because the group that you're supposed to belong to, whether that's political or social, thinks a certain way, doesn't mean you should think that way. Remove the power of the hive mind by thinking on your own. Now, my hope is that this level, this becomes a jarring wake-up call of how we use social media as a society.

One, in terms of controlling the spread of misinformation, and two, in terms of the way we connect with other human beings on social media, as opposed to giving in to the drug, the dopamine-fueled drama of social media, of clicking likes and tracking likes and getting angry at the drama and the tension and so on, more seeing it as another medium in which we can encourage deep connection with other human beings, friendships, real, positive, good vibes.

It might be naive to say, but I think it's actually possible. It's both a technology problem and it's a society problem of how we define the standards of how we behave in the social world. And this is a good wake-up call to look at that. In a time of panic, we come together, and there's no reason we can't stay together in this kind of way online.

Now, level four is economic, and this could be the most painful of the impacts of the virus. Day by day, the projections are getting worse and worse from the economists. Some economists, more and more, are predicting double-digit drops in GDP in the second quarter. The real pain that people are already feeling and will feel more and more is the loss of jobs.

Many economists are predicting millions, three to seven millions of US jobs lost before the summer. Now, these are jobs in the service industry, hotel, travel, restaurants. Many folks are already living paycheck to paycheck. This is real pain and burden that a lot of families will have to carry. And on the small business side, this is difficult to measure, but surveys of business owners are saying that in just three months, 50% of them did not see a way to avoid bankruptcy.

So that's a much longer-lasting impact on the fabric of our, the United States capitalist society, where small businesses in many ways are the backbone of our society. The challenge for us as a citizen is to hold politicians accountable as they develop a fiscal stimulus package. It's really important, drawing lessons from the 2008 financial crisis, that the bailout, that the fiscal stimulus that passes is one that benefits the people that need it.

The workers who lose their job, the small businesses on the verge of bankruptcy. As a consumer, at least in the United States, consumer spending is a big part of the US economy, the 70%. So if you can afford it, continuing spending money on things you need, especially to support local and small businesses.

And finally, as a business, as a small business, this is an opportunity to reinvent, to add an online component, to diversify, to pivot. Now that might be really painful and difficult to say. I recently left my job, I was facing a bank account with nothing in it, and there's a lot of reinvention and pivoting that was required to do.

I'm working on building a startup that brings in no money, so I had to figure out how can I make money in the meantime? Now that kind of thing could be exceptionally painful, especially if it requires learning skills that you don't have. But I think if you face this fear, taking this step where you reinvent the business could be the best decision you've ever made.

It could be very painful in the short term, but exceptionally profitable and liberating in the longterm. So this is the time, as I mentioned before, for if you're a small business owner, for a personal revolution. Now, my hope is, as it is for everybody else, that once we reopen our society, that the fiscal stimulus that not just carries us through, but allows us to resume consumer spending as quickly as possible, so that the recovery is, as they say, a V versus a U, that it's an immediate and aggressive and quick recovery.

And also, it's a very dark and perhaps a little bit Russian of me to think of the silver lining of this, but one of the positive aspects of the pain that people are feeling is that a lot of people are feeling that pain together. We're in this together. Majority of the lower class and the middle class will be feeling the pain of shutting down the economy.

We're in this together. There's something, if just a little bit comforting, that the pain you feel is the pain that's also felt by your neighbors. Again, the hope is that it brings us together. Level five is political. I think it's not an exaggeration to say we're living in one of the most divided times politically in the history of the United States, of our country, and especially on the heels of the United States president being impeached and an election coming up.

It leads to the politicization of everything, including the virus, and that's a huge pain, and that's a really damaging attack vector along which the virus can exploit our society, at least this nation. And also, outside of the partisanship, this is a time for the government to pass policy, to respond to the virus, and there is, as always through history, through wars, through pandemics, through big global crises, there's a diminishment of our rights and freedoms, and that is another attack of the virus on the fabric of our society.

The challenge for our citizen is to not let charlatans in the government of any party affiliation capitalize on our fear, as I described in level two, the psychological, the emotional, by overreaching power. So this could look like anything. It could look like mass surveillance, it could look like martial law, individual cities, states, federal, it could look like detaining people without trial, which we're already starting to see, and God forbid, canceling elections, so really attacking the fundamental nature of democracy.

We have seen this throughout history. As citizens of this democratic nation, we have to stay vigilant to this threat. On the scientific front, I think it's really, really important that we do not look at the coronavirus through a political lens. It should not be a red and blue issue.

It should be something where we trust the expert, the scientific information, the best data available, should not be seen through a lens of the partisan divide that has driven so much of our public discourse about federal policy, because the one plus trillion dollar stimulus package that Congress is trying to pass is something that can make or break this economy, or rather, it can make the difference between the V and the U shape recovery, fast recovery or delayed multi-month recovery where a lot of people will suffer.

It's exceptionally important to get this right, and politics should not come at all into play into the decisions being made by our policymakers. So the hope is, once we beat this thing, is that we rethink the federal infrastructure, the response to global threats, really invest back into it, try to see government in this one regard as something that could really unite the people in an effective, timely, quick response.

The hope is we're reminded of the importance of government, and then we reinvigorate the basic unit of a democracy, which is the citizen, and remind us that we can accomplish a lot of things if we work together, so not through divisiveness, but on really big, important issues and things we really should all agree on working together.

This is a good reminder, just like going to the moon was a good reminder of what science and engineering could do at a large scale, this is what's needed now. This virus, perhaps, should serve as a good reminder that good science, good engineering at scale is essential for us to work together on, to respond to these kinds of things in the future, and just to create, progress forward to make a better world in a lot of different dimensions.

It continues to be a huge surprise to me that science, not always, but sometimes, enters the world of politics, and politicians play games with scientific facts. They question the validity of findings of individual personalities in science. I think people, my hope is that they understand that, especially the most important questions, there's thousands of scientists trying to disprove each other.

This kind of collective mechanism is really good at cutting out all the BS and getting to the core, the truth of things. Science cannot answer all questions. There's, to me, some of the most important questions about ethics is impossible for science to answer, but the basic questions of the mechanism that threaten our well-being, especially in the biological, chemical, and physical world, science is really well-equipped to answer, and we should not politicize that extremely powerful mechanism that can protect us, that can build big, amazing, cool things that make our life easier, better, just create a better world.

And I hope that we emerge as a society that can bicker and politicize everything else, but science and scientific experts is something we trust. Level six is existential. You can say evolutionary, even. The human species has not always existed, and there's no guarantee it will always exist. Perhaps this is not the right time to be deeply thinking about this question.

We wanna deal with the threat at hand, but I recommend a lot of excellent work been written on existential risks from Nick Bostroms and others at the Future of Humanity Institute and other institutions in general, considering what are the different threats that our human civilization is facing in the next hundred years that could lead to extinction or lead to a large number of people being either displaced or killed.

Now, this goes everything from global warming to nuclear war to nanotechnology accident to molecular nanotechnology weapons, so different kinds of weapons, to things that I've spoken a lot about, think a lot about is superintelligent AI, artificial general intelligence systems. And then there's pandemics, the natural pandemic of coronavirus that we're experiencing now.

And then there's a lot of concern about engineering pandemics, the kind of risk they pose to our civilization. The pandemic we're experiencing now is unlikely to be a species extinction level event, but it serves as a dress rehearsal, something that reveals the fragility of our species, things that feel in the moment, totally unexpected, and yet are completely expected if you listen to the experts.

Experts on pandemics are predicting that there will be a much worse one coming for sure. For me personally, I work in artificial intelligence. I embody a lot of different views, but certainly because I program and build a lot of systems, what you call narrow AI systems, there's a clear awareness of how far we are from creating superintelligent AI systems.

And I can talk at length about why I see that as an exceptionally difficult problem on many levels, especially the kind of AI systems that could destroy human civilization. But I think at this level, the coronavirus pandemic has really changed my mind. It's given me a wake up call to think more clearly about the unexpected, that the things that threaten us may come in ways we don't expect.

So we have to be exceptionally careful, especially when we work in that particular field. I'm not an expert in pandemics. I'm not an expert in molecular nanotechnology, nor nuclear terrorism, but I am, I hate the word expert, but I'm somewhat knowledgeable in the world of AI. And so it's my responsibility to look bigger, to think bigger about the things that are totally unexpected that may threaten the wellbeing of many of our, especially most vulnerable members of our society, but really everybody.

And so the challenge for us as a society as we emerge from this pandemic is to invest in scientific research on all of these avenues, to be prepared way ahead of time to some of the threats posed here. Especially what research does is it doesn't only reveal mechanism of how we can protect us, but it reveals the possible vectors of attack that could be expected.

So just investing in research, getting more people to think about this problem, I think is exceptionally important to prepare society, to prepare scientific minds and the tooling, the engineering, the infrastructure required to respond to a problem before it kills a billion or more people. And finally, level seven, philosophical, really taking a step back.

It's much more difficult to be eloquent about this, so I'll mention a book that had a big impact on my life and rings true in many of its lessons is "The Plague" by Albert Camus. Now, in the world that Camus paints in "The Plague," suffering seems to be something that's just a part of life.

And the question that life poses to us is how do we respond to that suffering? How do we deal with that suffering? And at least to me, the lessons I draw from it is that love for our fellow human beings, compassion for others is the way we conquer that suffering.

The natural inclination perhaps at first is to turn into yourself because everything in life, in your existence, is going to be a source of pain, a source of loss, a source of suffering. And so you want to isolate yourself, you want to separate yourself, you want to run away from that.

But the reality is somehow that seems to be part of the human condition is that going into yourself, hiding from life, running away from life is from others, from society, is actually not a way to remove suffering from your life. That somehow stokes the fire of pain, of dread.

And so the way to overcome that, the meaning of life I guess you could say for Camus is to love others. And the book itself serves as an allegory for World War II and my relatives, the society of the Soviet Union in which I was born in, raised in, is so deeply grounded in the story of World War II and the pain of World War II.

And the lessons that emerged there is that as painful it is to say, all that suffering, all that death, what emerges is that love for each other conquers all. Love of community. And that's my hope is that we emerge from this at the highest level from this virus with a greater sense of community, with a greater sense for the value of community, for the love of our fellow human beings, for the compassion for our fellow human beings.

My hope is that this virus is a reminder that love is the meaning of life. Thank you for watching this video. I hope it's of value for some people. I hope it helps. And again, I love you all. (upbeat music) (upbeat music) (upbeat music) (upbeat music) (upbeat music) (upbeat music) (upbeat music) (SILENCE)